{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104469006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2011.5937771","title":"A 3.125 GHz four stage voltage controlled ring oscillator in 0.18 CMOS","display_name":"A 3.125 GHz four stage voltage controlled ring oscillator in 0.18 CMOS","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104469006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2011.5937771","mag":"2104469006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2011.5937771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2011.5937771","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium of Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087490497","display_name":"Carlos S\u00e1nchez\u2010Azqueta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8236-825X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Sanchez-Azqueta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075718351","display_name":"S. Celma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-7723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Celma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026732812","display_name":"Francisco Aznar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3629-0540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Aznar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5406,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71743379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":null,"first_page":"1137","last_page":"1140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.8779721260070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.866601824760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.7871435880661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7546159625053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5891686677932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-line-oscillator","display_name":"Delay line oscillator","score":0.563024640083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.5266314148902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5216729640960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vack\u00e1\u0159-oscillator","display_name":"Vack\u00e1\u0159 oscillator","score":0.5159667134284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5014934539794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitally-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Digitally controlled oscillator","score":0.4787099361419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.44222763180732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4307451844215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.41642117500305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.4114293158054352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.4031936824321747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.39528441429138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-oscillator","display_name":"Local oscillator","score":0.31480520963668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1986607313156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.19277432560920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.058808743953704834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.8779721260070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.866601824760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.7871435880661011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7546159625053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5891686677932739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26907483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5253479","display_name":"Delay line oscillator","level":4,"score":0.563024640083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.5266314148902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5216729640960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111657199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300256","display_name":"Vack\u00e1\u0159 oscillator","level":4,"score":0.5159667134284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5014934539794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167872736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276224","display_name":"Digitally controlled oscillator","level":5,"score":0.4787099361419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.44222763180732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4307451844215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.41642117500305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.4114293158054352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.4031936824321747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.39528441429138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203597036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1238887","display_name":"Local oscillator","level":3,"score":0.31480520963668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1986607313156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19277432560920715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.058808743953704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2011.5937771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2011.5937771","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium of Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481258400","https://openalex.org/W1972271225","https://openalex.org/W1994625839","https://openalex.org/W2017683284","https://openalex.org/W2070413034","https://openalex.org/W2104340505","https://openalex.org/W2148568726","https://openalex.org/W2164132892","https://openalex.org/W2332048616","https://openalex.org/W3142075743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521697648","https://openalex.org/W4230767006","https://openalex.org/W1589246925","https://openalex.org/W2188709823","https://openalex.org/W2076857967","https://openalex.org/W3134273935","https://openalex.org/W2095343992","https://openalex.org/W1967021947","https://openalex.org/W4248731029","https://openalex.org/W4384129951"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,20,26,41,47],"3.125":[4],"GHz":[5],"four":[6],"stage":[7],"voltage":[8],"controlled":[9],"ring":[10],"oscillator":[11,15],"is":[12],"presented.":[13],"The":[14],"has":[16,54],"been":[17,55],"designed":[18],"in":[19],"0.18":[21],"\u03bcm":[22],"CMOS":[23],"process":[24],"with":[25,40],"1.8":[27],"V":[28],"supply.":[29],"Behavioural":[30],"simulations":[31],"predict":[32],"an":[33],"18%":[34],"tuning":[35],"range":[36],"for":[37],"the":[38],"oscillator,":[39],"-91":[42],"dBc/Hz":[43],"phase":[44],"noise":[45],"at":[46],"1":[48],"MHz":[49],"offset.":[50],"Its":[51],"power":[52],"consumption":[53],"simulated":[56],"to":[57],"be":[58],"only":[59],"12.6":[60],"mW.":[61]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}