{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107938687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2011.5937658","title":"The time machine: A novel spike-based computation architecture","display_name":"The time machine: A novel spike-based computation architecture","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107938687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2011.5937658","mag":"2107938687"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2011.5937658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2011.5937658","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium of Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052404344","display_name":"Vaibhav Garg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-7489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaibhav Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ravi Shekhar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Shekhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111653563","display_name":"John G. Harris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John G. Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5406,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71812385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"685","last_page":"688"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.876660943031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7590136528015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6433008313179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6432104110717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6024419069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.587425947189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5721957087516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.43289363384246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4314877986907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.42994117736816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-a-chip","display_name":"System on a chip","score":0.42355093359947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4228348731994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.40110188722610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21115142107009888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.18307319283485413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16637757420539856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.876660943031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7590136528015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6433008313179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6432104110717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6024419069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.587425947189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5721957087516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.43289363384246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4314877986907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.42994117736816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.42355093359947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4228348731994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.40110188722610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21115142107009888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.18307319283485413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16637757420539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2011.5937658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2011.5937658","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Symposium of Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995611942","https://openalex.org/W2019005300","https://openalex.org/W2032832574","https://openalex.org/W2046670350","https://openalex.org/W2063695057","https://openalex.org/W2096716080","https://openalex.org/W2105026894","https://openalex.org/W2170657812","https://openalex.org/W3014329477","https://openalex.org/W4253818737","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986579802","https://openalex.org/W3108691306","https://openalex.org/W4389237622","https://openalex.org/W4385753159","https://openalex.org/W4200152843","https://openalex.org/W2012951121","https://openalex.org/W3081559266","https://openalex.org/W3160415743","https://openalex.org/W3146360095","https://openalex.org/W2184011203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,32,50],"novel":[1],"spike-based":[2,93],"computation":[3],"architecture":[4,37,66],"has":[5,26],"been":[6,27],"developed":[7],"which":[8],"represents":[9],"synaptic":[10],"weights":[11],"in":[12,29],"time.":[13],"An":[14],"analog":[15],"chip":[16],"with":[17],"32":[18],"neurons,":[19],"1024":[20],"synapses":[21,43,62],"and":[22,41,78,98],"an":[23,45],"AER":[24],"block":[25],"fabricated":[28],"0.5\u03bcm":[30],"technology.":[31],"digital":[33,51],"implementation":[34],"of":[35],"the":[36,69],"having":[38],"6,144":[39],"neurons":[40],"100,352":[42],"on":[44,75],"FPGA":[46],"is":[47,67,87],"also":[48],"described.":[49],"controller":[52],"for":[53,90],"routing":[54],"spikes":[55],"can":[56],"processes":[57],"up":[58],"to":[59,81],"34":[60],"million":[61],"per":[63],"second.":[64],"The":[65,84],"called":[68],"time":[70,80,85],"machine":[71,86],"as":[72],"it":[73],"operates":[74],"timing":[76],"events":[77],"uses":[79],"store":[82],"weights.":[83],"general":[88],"enough":[89],"implementing":[91],"many":[92],"algorithms":[94],"yet":[95],"provides":[96],"flexibility":[97],"configurability.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
