{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2062779032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2010.5537261","title":"A high resolution metastability-independent two-step gated ring oscillator TDC with enhanced noise shaping","display_name":"A high resolution metastability-independent two-step gated ring oscillator TDC with enhanced noise shaping","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2062779032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2010.5537261","mag":"2062779032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2010.5537261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2010.5537261","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003148791","display_name":"Sang-Hye Chung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Hye Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","Dept. of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067427888","display_name":"Kyu\u2010Dong Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6095-5808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyu-Dong Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","Dept. of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100775282","display_name":"Won\u2010Young Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-0619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Won-Young Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","Dept. of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052390471","display_name":"Lee\u2010Sup Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9585-4591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee-Sup Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","Dept. of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83860308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1300","last_page":"1303"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.8660570383071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-digital-converter","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","score":0.6155648231506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.5824003219604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.5548065900802612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5507442355155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.5065172910690308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4943375587463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.489498496055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastability","display_name":"Metastability","score":0.4817624092102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.4778287410736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4166656732559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3650525212287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3502592444419861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22119474411010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.16118788719177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16059792041778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-signal","display_name":"Clock signal","score":0.11230668425559998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.08227252960205078}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.8660570383071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99594498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434524","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","level":4,"score":0.6155648231506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.5824003219604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.5548065900802612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5507442355155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5065172910690308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4943375587463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.489498496055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849516","display_name":"Metastability","level":2,"score":0.4817624092102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4778287410736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4166656732559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3650525212287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3502592444419861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22119474411010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.16118788719177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16059792041778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.11230668425559998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08227252960205078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2010.5537261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2010.5537261","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322202","display_name":"IC Design Education Center","ror":"https://ror.org/005v57z85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062952706","https://openalex.org/W2096434843","https://openalex.org/W2108435403","https://openalex.org/W2119220251","https://openalex.org/W2139053608","https://openalex.org/W2152144298","https://openalex.org/W2161139924","https://openalex.org/W2166268103","https://openalex.org/W3149129866","https://openalex.org/W6680712959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2474043983","https://openalex.org/W1589093285","https://openalex.org/W2078513307","https://openalex.org/W2566880546","https://openalex.org/W2544336511","https://openalex.org/W2144737022","https://openalex.org/W1978186604","https://openalex.org/W3176961938","https://openalex.org/W3158414702","https://openalex.org/W2992346850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,66],"presents":[2],"a":[3,23,27,36,51,80],"high":[4,37],"resolution":[5,83],"two-step":[6],"gated-ring":[7,30],"oscillator":[8,31],"(TSGRO)":[9],"time-to-digital":[10],"converter":[11],"(TDC)":[12],"in":[13,44,64],"an":[14],"all":[15],"digital":[16],"phase-locked":[17],"loop":[18],"(ADPLL).":[19],"TSGRO-TDC":[20,78],"consists":[21],"of":[22],"coarse":[24],"step":[25,29,47],"and":[26,71,84],"fine":[28,46],"(GRO)":[32],"TDC":[33],"to":[34,49],"achieve":[35],"resolution.":[38],"An":[39],"edge":[40],"aligner":[41],"is":[42,62],"used":[43],"the":[45],"GRO-TDC":[48],"enhance":[50],"first-order":[52,85],"noise":[53,86],"shaping":[54],"property.":[55],"A":[56],"meta-stability":[57],"free":[58],"selection":[59],"logic":[60],"(MSFSL)":[61],"proposed":[63],"this":[65],"which":[67],"achieves":[68],"low":[69],"power":[70],"small":[72],"area.":[73],"In":[74],"0.13\u03bcm":[75],"CMOS":[76],"process,":[77],"has":[79],"3ps":[81],"raw":[82],"shaping.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
