{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136554806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2008.4541882","title":"CMOS pulse-modulation circuit implementation of phase-locked loop neural networks","display_name":"CMOS pulse-modulation circuit implementation of phase-locked loop neural networks","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136554806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2008.4541882","mag":"2136554806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2008.4541882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2008.4541882","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001411925","display_name":"Daisuke Atuti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daisuke Atuti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103042564","display_name":"Kazuki Nakada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2375-2603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuki Nakada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729080","display_name":"Takashi Morie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-4307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Morie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001411925"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.572,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79192436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"e87 c","issue":null,"first_page":"2174","last_page":"2177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.598160445690155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5623910427093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5497300624847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.5403620600700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.5337575078010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5270239114761353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5246289372444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spice","display_name":"Spice","score":0.4793742001056671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4474501609802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4285951256752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.42504438757896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41705235838890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3918215036392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.23588240146636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22930002212524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.19839730858802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16394442319869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13300052285194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12336981296539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.11405748128890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.08991894125938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08841979503631592}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.598160445690155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5623910427093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5497300624847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.5403620600700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.5337575078010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5270239114761353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5246289372444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780077345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16891888","display_name":"Spice","level":2,"score":0.4793742001056671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4474501609802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4285951256752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.42504438757896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41705235838890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3918215036392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.23588240146636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22930002212524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.19839730858802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16394442319869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13300052285194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12336981296539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.11405748128890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.08991894125938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08841979503631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2008.4541882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2008.4541882","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048rj2z13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111157985","https://openalex.org/W404409397","https://openalex.org/W1968590970","https://openalex.org/W1975507454","https://openalex.org/W2036693003","https://openalex.org/W2111162116","https://openalex.org/W2149525340","https://openalex.org/W6614038047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2204879205","https://openalex.org/W2096437374","https://openalex.org/W1943174035","https://openalex.org/W1928481607","https://openalex.org/W3135165657","https://openalex.org/W1485582195","https://openalex.org/W57337972","https://openalex.org/W2313216219","https://openalex.org/W1561306903","https://openalex.org/W2563702065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,53],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"have":[4,93],"applied":[5],"the":[6,57,89,107,117,144,160],"pulse-modulation":[7],"circuit":[8,55,97,135],"technique":[9],"to":[10],"implement":[11],"phase-locked":[12],"loop":[13],"(PLL)":[14],"neural":[15,24,29],"networks":[16],"proposed":[17],"by":[18,67,76,152],"Hoppensteadt":[19],"and":[20,37,49,60,63,98,123],"Izhikevich.":[21],"The":[22,72,113,133],"PLL":[23],"network":[25,30],"is":[26,39],"an":[27,95,137],"oscillatory":[28],"as":[31,41],"a":[32],"model":[33],"of":[34,150],"associative":[35],"memory,":[36],"it":[38],"represented":[40,66],"coupled":[42,101],"phase":[43,47,58,141,161],"oscillators":[44],"with":[45,82,104,121],"periodic":[46,50],"variables":[48,59],"nonlinear":[51,78],"interactions.":[52],"our":[54],"implementation,":[56],"their":[61],"summation":[62],"subtraction":[64],"are":[65,74],"pulse-width":[68],"modulation":[69,84],"(PWM)":[70],"signals.":[71,91],"interactions":[73],"realized":[75],"using":[77,106,159],"current":[79],"waveform":[80],"sampled":[81],"pulse-phase":[83],"(PPM)":[85],"signals":[86],"converted":[87],"from":[88],"PWM":[90],"We":[92],"designed":[94],"element":[96,118,134],"simulated":[99],"two":[100],"such":[102],"circuits":[103,119],"SPICE":[105],"TSMC":[108],"0.25":[109],"\u03bcm":[110],"device":[111],"parameters.":[112],"results":[114],"demonstrate":[115],"that":[116],"synchronized":[120],"in-":[122],"anti-phase":[124],"depending":[125],"on":[126],"coupling":[127],"strength":[128],"at":[129],"different":[130],"operation":[131],"frequencies.":[132],"has":[136],"advantage":[138],"in":[139],"extracting":[140],"difference":[142],"between":[143],"circuits.":[145],"This":[146],"will":[147],"facilitate":[148],"implementing":[149],"learning":[151],"arbitrary":[153],"spike-timing":[154],"dependent":[155],"plasticity":[156],"(STDP)":[157],"rules":[158],"difference.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
