{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1905657451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2006.1693745","title":"Image Sensor with General Spatial Processing in a 3D Integrated Circuit Technology","display_name":"Image Sensor with General Spatial Processing in a 3D Integrated Circuit Technology","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1905657451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2006.1693745","mag":"1905657451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2006.1693745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2006.1693745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036171336","display_name":"Viktor Gruev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1280-7971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Gruev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040819167","display_name":"Jan Van der Spiegel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6070-0717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. van der Spiegel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030871762","display_name":"Ralf Philipp","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.M. Philipp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037936459","display_name":"Ralph Etienne\u2010Cummings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4445-973X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Etienne-Cummings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1503,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78080185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"4963","last_page":"4966"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6543088555335999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.6177563071250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6165943145751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.5834715366363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinal-point","display_name":"Cardinal point","score":0.5144941806793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.5068612694740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-filter","display_name":"Spatial filter","score":0.4787968099117279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal-processing","display_name":"Analog signal processing","score":0.4473508894443512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4454706311225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4430205225944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38746896386146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3806217908859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36558741331100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.35753315687179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2662147283554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.22864270210266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20312446355819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16737821698188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.11417698860168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1063934862613678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6543088555335999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.6177563071250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6165943145751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.5834715366363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138395690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376733","display_name":"Cardinal point","level":2,"score":0.5144941806793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.5068612694740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121475858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2735911","display_name":"Spatial filter","level":2,"score":0.4787968099117279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C379707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2328303","display_name":"Analog signal processing","level":4,"score":0.4473508894443512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4454706311225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4430205225944519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38746896386146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3806217908859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36558741331100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.35753315687179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2662147283554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22864270210266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20312446355819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16737821698188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.11417698860168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1063934862613678}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2006.1693745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2006.1693745","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:ese_papers-1275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1275&context=ese_papers","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196331","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Papers (ESE)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.646.6517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.646.6517","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/33442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/33442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Presentation"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529589510","https://openalex.org/W2113024797","https://openalex.org/W2115113587","https://openalex.org/W2133186977","https://openalex.org/W2134255327","https://openalex.org/W2139155713","https://openalex.org/W2166087506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155019192","https://openalex.org/W2014709025","https://openalex.org/W4249035840","https://openalex.org/W2766970861","https://openalex.org/W3125341812","https://openalex.org/W1668171714","https://openalex.org/W4380607112","https://openalex.org/W1997278405","https://openalex.org/W2347989876","https://openalex.org/W1929159457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"architectural":[1],"overview":[2],"of":[3,71,100],"an":[4],"image":[5,86],"sensor":[6],"with":[7,31,89],"general":[8,62],"spatial":[9,63],"processing":[10,59,73],"capabilities":[11],"on":[12,23,28,82],"the":[13,72,101,105],"focal":[14],"plane":[15],"is":[16,37,65,87],"presented.":[17],"The":[18,49,67,85,95],"system":[19],"has":[20],"been":[21,47],"fabricated":[22],"two":[24],"separate":[25],"tiers,":[26],"implemented":[27],"silicon-on-insulator":[29],"technology":[30],"vertical":[32],"interconnect":[33],"capabilities.":[34],"One":[35],"tier":[36],"dedicated":[38],"to":[39,79],"imaging,":[40],"where":[41,61],"photosensitivity":[42],"and":[43,55,104],"pixel":[44],"fill":[45],"have":[46],"optimized.":[48],"subsequent":[50],"layers":[51],"contain":[52],"noise":[53],"suppression":[54],"digitally":[56,68],"controlled":[57,69],"analog":[58],"elements,":[60],"filtering":[64],"computed.":[66],"aspect":[70],"unit":[74],"allows":[75],"generic":[76],"receptive":[77,91],"fields":[78,92],"be":[80],"computed":[81],"read":[83],"out.":[84],"convolved":[88],"four":[90],"in":[93],"parallel.":[94],"chip":[96],"provides":[97],"parallel":[98],"readout":[99],"filtered":[102],"results":[103],"intensity":[106],"image.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}