{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1510594262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2006.1693448","title":"On randomization of digital delta-sigma modulators with DC inputs","display_name":"On randomization of digital delta-sigma modulators with DC inputs","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1510594262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2006.1693448","mag":"1510594262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2006.1693448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2006.1693448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089182999","display_name":"Maciej Borkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-5329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.J. Borkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Electronics Laboratory, University of Oulu, Finland","[Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Oulu Univ.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Electronics Laboratory, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Oulu Univ.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041576376","display_name":"Juha Kostamovaara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-8951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kostamovaara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Electronics Laboratory, University of Oulu, Finland","[Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Oulu Univ.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Electronics Laboratory, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Inf. Eng., Oulu Univ.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8655,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74124903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"4","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dither","display_name":"Dither","score":0.9884579181671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.8339611291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.6156284809112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.5432956218719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-generator","display_name":"Signal generator","score":0.5025556087493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5012972354888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigma","display_name":"Sigma","score":0.49727538228034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.4817124009132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.46445202827453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32896947860717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2858237624168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-shaping","display_name":"Noise shaping","score":0.23604249954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22761720418930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20236405730247498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15790075063705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.153696209192276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1352747082710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.10189199447631836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70451592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376493","display_name":"Dither","level":3,"score":0.9884579181671143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.8339611291885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.6156284809112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5432956218719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207912722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259123","display_name":"Signal generator","level":3,"score":0.5025556087493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5012972354888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512234","display_name":"Sigma","level":2,"score":0.49727538228034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.4817124009132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46445202827453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32896947860717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2858237624168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.23604249954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22761720418930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20236405730247498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15790075063705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.153696209192276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1352747082710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.10189199447631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2006.1693448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2006.1693448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118952169","https://openalex.org/W2052895130","https://openalex.org/W2125257617","https://openalex.org/W2134962970","https://openalex.org/W2157269402","https://openalex.org/W2159266901","https://openalex.org/W2170746474","https://openalex.org/W2752061190","https://openalex.org/W3089447097"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389128124","https://openalex.org/W2364812720","https://openalex.org/W2138725603","https://openalex.org/W1984486060","https://openalex.org/W2050335563","https://openalex.org/W2098358062","https://openalex.org/W2143696453","https://openalex.org/W2025681744","https://openalex.org/W2115832005","https://openalex.org/W1507049060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,51],"compares":[2],"a":[3,11,22,37],"recently":[4],"proposed":[5],"deterministic":[6],"modulator":[7,24],"design":[8,12],"method":[9,18,56],"to":[10],"based":[13,20],"on":[14,21],"dithering.":[15],"The":[16,50],"recent":[17],"is":[19],"delta-sigma":[23],"periodical":[25],"behavior":[26],"analysis.":[27],"Three":[28],"different":[29],"dither":[30,67],"generators":[31],"were":[32],"used":[33],"in":[34],"the":[35,54,65],"study:":[36],"linear":[38],"shift":[39],"register,":[40],"rectangular":[41],"and":[42],"triangular":[43],"probability":[44],"density":[45],"function":[46],"random":[47],"number":[48],"generators.":[49],"shows":[52],"that":[53],"new":[55],"gives":[57],"as":[58,61],"good":[59],"spectrum":[60],"resulting":[62],"from":[63],"using":[64],"best":[66],"generator,":[68],"while":[69],"consuming":[70],"less":[71],"hardware":[72]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
