{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1608879177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2004.1328772","title":"Scalable architecture for word HMM-based speech recognition","display_name":"Scalable architecture for word HMM-based speech recognition","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1608879177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2004.1328772","mag":"1608879177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2004.1328772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2004.1328772","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000178698","display_name":"Shingo Yoshizawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3988-4929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Yoshizawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Sch. of Eng., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan","Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Sch. of Eng., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054467709","display_name":"Naoya Wada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8519-7599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Wada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Sch. of Eng., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan","Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Sch. of Eng., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069938327","display_name":"Naoto Hayasaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2844-524X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Hayasaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Sch. of Eng., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan","Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Sch. of Eng., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084006463","display_name":"Yoshikazu Miyanaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2795-2234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Miyanaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Sch. of Eng., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan","Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Sch. of Eng., Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Japan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000178698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80796114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"III","last_page":"417"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8596471548080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8249058723449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7353579998016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.621097981929779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5760692358016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5627634525299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.49864935874938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"Word recognition","score":0.483352392911911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4683893024921417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.45622923970222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3396986126899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.06700357794761658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.06699773669242859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8596471548080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8249058723449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7353579998016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.621097981929779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5760692358016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5627634525299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.49864935874938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150856459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034367","display_name":"Word recognition","level":3,"score":0.483352392911911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4683893024921417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.45622923970222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3396986126899719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.06700357794761658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.06699773669242859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2004.1328772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2004.1328772","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18856025","https://openalex.org/W88864901","https://openalex.org/W1560013842","https://openalex.org/W1986021425","https://openalex.org/W2109249643","https://openalex.org/W2122207536","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2154333490","https://openalex.org/W2157200794","https://openalex.org/W2489815359","https://openalex.org/W6600764288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W1997182898","https://openalex.org/W1980930823","https://openalex.org/W2148167314","https://openalex.org/W2401522294","https://openalex.org/W1962828410","https://openalex.org/W2253780618","https://openalex.org/W4205429340","https://openalex.org/W4232239836","https://openalex.org/W2079838398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,13,120,131],"scalable":[4,81],"architecture":[5,82,91],"for":[6],"realizing":[7],"real-time":[8,159],"speech":[9,43,125],"recognizers":[10],"based":[11],"on":[12,84,130],"word":[14,86,99],"HMM":[15,36,53,87],"(hidden":[16],"Markov":[17],"model).":[18],"HMM-based":[19],"recognition":[20,44,70,95,140],"algorithms":[21],"are":[22],"classified":[23],"into":[24],"two":[25],"acoustic":[26],"models,":[27],"i.e.,":[28],"phenome-level":[29,35],"model":[30],"and":[31,97,118,127],"word-level":[32,52],"model.":[33],"The":[34,89,139,151],"has":[37,54],"been":[38,55],"widely":[39],"used":[40],"in":[41,66,158],"current":[42],"systems":[45],"which":[46],"permit":[47],"large-sized":[48],"vocabularies.":[49,100],"Whereas":[50],"the":[51,76,80,85,103],"constrained":[56],"to":[57,74,111],"small-sized":[58],"vocabularies":[59,157],"because":[60],"of":[61,68],"extremely":[62],"high":[63],"computation":[64,104],"cost":[65],"spite":[67],"excellent":[69],"performance.":[71],"In":[72,101,109],"order":[73,110],"overcome":[75],"shortage,":[77],"we":[78,115],"adopt":[79],"focused":[83],"structure.":[88],"proposed":[90],"can":[92,153],"flexibly":[93],"improve":[94],"performance":[96],"extend":[98],"addition,":[102],"time":[105,141],"is":[106,142],"hardly":[107],"increasing.":[108],"demonstrate":[112],"practical":[113],"solutions,":[114],"have":[116],"designed":[117],"evaluated":[119],"total":[121],"system":[122],"recognizer":[123,152],"including":[124],"analysis":[126],"noise":[128],"robustness":[129],"0.18":[132],"/spl":[133,144],"mu/m":[134],"CMOS":[135],"standard":[136],"cell":[137],"library.":[138],"35.7":[143],"mu/s/word":[145],"at":[146],"128":[147],"MHz":[148],"operating":[149],"frequency.":[150],"achieve":[154],"over":[155],"middle-sized":[156],"response.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T20:47:17.329874","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}