{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141385294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2004.1328671","title":"A multi-chip implementation of cortical orientation hypercolumns","display_name":"A multi-chip implementation of cortical orientation hypercolumns","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141385294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2004.1328671","mag":"2141385294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2004.1328671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2004.1328671","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/bitstreams/af3ec646-6f33-4efb-b5e5-d503bcb44d86/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017364969","display_name":"T.Y.W. Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.Y.W. Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of EEE, HKUST, Hong Kong, China","Department of EEE, HKUST, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of EEE, HKUST, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EEE, HKUST, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068036711","display_name":"Bertram E. Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9167-7495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.E. Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of EEE, HKUST, Hong Kong, China","Department of EEE, HKUST, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of EEE, HKUST, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EEE, HKUST, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077089453","display_name":"Kwabena Boahen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2301-3309"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.A. Boahen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5866,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67058334,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"III","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.8214846253395081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.8019421696662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7256377935409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.7203569412231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptive-field","display_name":"Receptive field","score":0.7190496921539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cortex","display_name":"Visual cortex","score":0.5615672469139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation-column","display_name":"Orientation column","score":0.49657922983169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4770357310771942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4709027111530304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3259216547012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2065798044204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12532907724380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11015182733535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/striate-cortex","display_name":"Striate cortex","score":0.10425284504890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.08080723881721497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.8214846253395081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.8019421696662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7256377935409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.7203569412231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19071747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755207","display_name":"Receptive field","level":2,"score":0.7190496921539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785","display_name":"Visual cortex","level":2,"score":0.5615672469139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163931696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7102406","display_name":"Orientation column","level":4,"score":0.49657922983169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4770357310771942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4709027111530304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3259216547012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2065798044204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12532907724380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11015182733535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993054123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785","display_name":"Striate cortex","level":3,"score":0.10425284504890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.08080723881721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2004.1328671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2004.1328671","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:be_papers-1013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/be_papers/13","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/bitstreams/af3ec646-6f33-4efb-b5e5-d503bcb44d86/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Papers (BE)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-51468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-51468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:20.500.14332/2797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/2797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Presentation"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:be_papers-1013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/be_papers/13","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/bitstreams/af3ec646-6f33-4efb-b5e5-d503bcb44d86/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402083","display_name":"ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Papers (BE)","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2141385294.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2141385294.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513895113","https://openalex.org/W1533325008","https://openalex.org/W1547056875","https://openalex.org/W1914401667","https://openalex.org/W1963769676","https://openalex.org/W2000294650","https://openalex.org/W2030381962","https://openalex.org/W2075529649","https://openalex.org/W2116360511","https://openalex.org/W2126020484","https://openalex.org/W2130416988","https://openalex.org/W2131631677","https://openalex.org/W2134255327","https://openalex.org/W2138134784","https://openalex.org/W2155843641","https://openalex.org/W2157628160","https://openalex.org/W2163633330","https://openalex.org/W6632599965","https://openalex.org/W6639797834","https://openalex.org/W6669576697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166777364","https://openalex.org/W3104551098","https://openalex.org/W2521540975","https://openalex.org/W2087537522","https://openalex.org/W2130713909","https://openalex.org/W2024821972","https://openalex.org/W1987677640","https://openalex.org/W1840528424","https://openalex.org/W2972627647","https://openalex.org/W1963989925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,91],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,20,40],"neuromorphic":[4],"implementation":[5],"of":[6,22,39,50],"the":[7,12,27,56,83,124],"orientation":[8,34,46,118],"hypercolumns":[9],"found":[10],"in":[11,71,117,123],"mammalian":[13],"primary":[14],"visual":[15],"cortex.":[16],"A":[17],"hypercolumn":[18],"contains":[19,52],"group":[21],"neurons":[23,53,99],"that":[24],"respond":[25],"to":[26,55,94,121],"same":[28,57],"retinal":[29],"location,":[30],"but":[31,59],"with":[32,60,76],"different":[33,61,109],"preferences.":[35],"The":[36],"system":[37],"consists":[38],"single":[41],"silicon":[42],"retina":[43],"feeding":[44],"multiple":[45],"selective":[47],"chips,":[48],"each":[49,77],"which":[51],"tuned":[54],"orientation,":[58],"receptive":[62],"field":[63],"centers":[64],"and":[65,74],"spatial":[66],"phases.":[67],"All":[68],"chips":[69],"operate":[70],"continuous":[72],"time,":[73],"communicate":[75],"other":[78],"using":[79],"spikes":[80],"transmitted":[81],"by":[82,114],"asynchronous":[84],"digital":[85],"address":[86],"event":[87],"representation":[88],"communication":[89],"protocol.":[90],"enables":[92],"us":[93],"implement":[95],"recurrent":[96],"interactions":[97],"between":[98],"within":[100],"one":[101],"hypercolumn,":[102],"even":[103],"though":[104],"they":[105],"are":[106],"located":[107],"on":[108],"chips.":[110],"We":[111],"demonstrate":[112],"this":[113],"measuring":[115],"shifts":[116],"selectivity":[119],"due":[120],"changes":[122],"feedback.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}