{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1663359181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2003.1206188","title":"Field programmable gate arrays and analog implementation of BRIN for optimization problems","display_name":"Field programmable gate arrays and analog implementation of BRIN for optimization problems","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1663359181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2003.1206188","mag":"1663359181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2003.1206188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2003.1206188","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2003. ISCAS '03.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108534502","display_name":"H.S. Ng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.S. Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Syst. Eng. & Eng. Manage., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Shatin, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Syst. Eng. & Eng. Manage., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Shatin, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057783462","display_name":"Sui-Tung Mak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.T. Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Syst. Eng. & Eng. Manage., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Shatin, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Syst. Eng. & Eng. Manage., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Shatin, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111815630","display_name":"K.P. Lam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.P. Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Syst. Eng. & Eng. Manage., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Shatin, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Syst. Eng. & Eng. Manage., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Shatin, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05467304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"V","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9671000242233276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7376277446746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6617164611816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-to-analog-converter","display_name":"Digital-to-analog converter","score":0.5342506766319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.5033308863639832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-electronics","display_name":"Digital electronics","score":0.4582608640193939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.45233747363090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4505791664123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.43398427963256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3801097869873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.3441663384437561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.24231520295143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1964784860610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15023955702781677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.14605453610420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11023995280265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.08529692888259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.07572004199028015}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7376277446746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6617164611816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779879419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210863","display_name":"Digital-to-analog converter","level":3,"score":0.5342506766319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.5033308863639832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81843906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173156","display_name":"Digital electronics","level":3,"score":0.4582608640193939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.45233747363090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4505791664123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43398427963256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3801097869873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.3441663384437561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.24231520295143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1964784860610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15023955702781677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.14605453610420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11023995280265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08529692888259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.07572004199028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2003.1206188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2003.1206188","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2003. ISCAS '03.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1617152041","https://openalex.org/W1678232780","https://openalex.org/W2099093516","https://openalex.org/W2101179918","https://openalex.org/W2104983314","https://openalex.org/W2127170239","https://openalex.org/W2146684669","https://openalex.org/W2341171179","https://openalex.org/W4239427185","https://openalex.org/W6678750321","https://openalex.org/W6704298589"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022544890","https://openalex.org/W2394097730","https://openalex.org/W2769996735","https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W4312353617","https://openalex.org/W2113405914","https://openalex.org/W2260963831","https://openalex.org/W4235249401","https://openalex.org/W629811444","https://openalex.org/W3191008160"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31,67,72,106,111],"binary":[1],"relation":[2],"inference":[3],"network":[4,11,68,112],"(BRIN)":[5],"emerges":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,77,84],"powerful":[9],"topological":[10],"to":[12],"solve":[13],"various":[14],"constrained":[15],"optimization":[16],"problems.":[17],"In":[18],"this":[19],"paper,":[20],"the":[21,27,41,46,50,88,115,121],"BRIN":[22,37,47,89],"solution":[23,48,74,116],"is":[24,38,109],"reviewed":[25],"for":[26,49,76],"sake":[28],"of":[29,36,87,98],"reference.":[30],"analog":[32,42],"and":[33,60,63,114,120],"digital":[34,85],"realization":[35],"presented.":[39,110],"For":[40,83],"implementation,":[43],"we":[44],"studied":[45,101],"transitive":[51],"closure":[52],"problem.":[53],"We":[54],"used":[55],"commonly":[56],"available":[57],"integrated":[58],"circuits":[59],"general":[61,78],"minimum":[62],"maximum":[64],"building":[65],"blocks.":[66],"response":[69,113],"was":[70,81],"discussed.":[71,127],"worst":[73],"time":[75,117],"path":[79],"problem":[80],"estimated.":[82],"implementation":[86,108],"solution,":[90],"field":[91],"programmable":[92],"gates":[93],"arrays":[94],"(FPGA)":[95],"with":[96,102],"millions":[97],"gates,":[99],"were":[100],"Xilinx's":[103],"system":[104],"generator.":[105],"detailed":[107],"are":[118,126],"analyzed":[119],"comparisons":[122],"between":[123],"both":[124],"platforms":[125]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}