{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1963203227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2003.1205665","title":"A dual edge-triggered phase-frequency detector architecture [frequency synthesizer applications]","display_name":"A dual edge-triggered phase-frequency detector architecture [frequency synthesizer applications]","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1963203227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2003.1205665","mag":"1963203227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2003.1205665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2003.1205665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2003. ISCAS '03.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062154634","display_name":"Saima Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5611-0052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S.I. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electron. Carleton Univ., Ottawa, Ont., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. Carleton Univ., Ottawa, Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002460896","display_name":"R. Mason","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1260-6451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.D. Mason","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electron. Carleton Univ., Ottawa, Ont., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. Carleton Univ., Ottawa, Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062154634"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3477,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60329964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"I","last_page":"721"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-frequency-detector","display_name":"Phase frequency detector","score":0.765606701374054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.6440766453742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.5964200496673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5403675436973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5384220480918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-digital-synthesizer","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","score":0.5194541811943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5070679187774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5048432946205139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.5035693049430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-detector","display_name":"Phase detector","score":0.4601249694824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.41484305262565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.411678284406662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36244678497314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.26306551694869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.22403505444526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1762860119342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14455783367156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11812025308609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-pump","display_name":"Charge pump","score":0.10495579242706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.07886749505996704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776158855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2085341","display_name":"Phase frequency detector","level":5,"score":0.765606701374054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.6440766453742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.5964200496673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5403675436973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5384220480918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166089067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227465","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","level":5,"score":0.5194541811943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5070679187774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5048432946205139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.5035693049430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110086884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2085341","display_name":"Phase detector","level":3,"score":0.4601249694824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.41484305262565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.411678284406662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36244678497314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26306551694869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.22403505444526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1762860119342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14455783367156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11812025308609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114825011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440704","display_name":"Charge pump","level":4,"score":0.10495579242706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.07886749505996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2003.1205665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2003.1205665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2003. ISCAS '03.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983152865","https://openalex.org/W2000709944","https://openalex.org/W2021299670","https://openalex.org/W2091829681","https://openalex.org/W2096733424","https://openalex.org/W2153267648","https://openalex.org/W2210934934","https://openalex.org/W2280387905","https://openalex.org/W2490904451","https://openalex.org/W2497432501","https://openalex.org/W4240083546","https://openalex.org/W6655814366","https://openalex.org/W6723861781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3145870900","https://openalex.org/W2350523680","https://openalex.org/W2353586717","https://openalex.org/W2371350995","https://openalex.org/W2379961307","https://openalex.org/W2376421545","https://openalex.org/W2374761771","https://openalex.org/W2354027044","https://openalex.org/W2359366503","https://openalex.org/W2351326249"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,45,91,124],"phase-frequency":[1],"detector":[2],"(PFD)":[3],"is":[4,13,81,101,109,135],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,61],"PLL-based":[8],"frequency":[9],"synthesizers.":[10],"A":[11],"PFD":[12,70,78,89,100,118,141],"an":[14],"edge-triggered":[15,69],"device":[16],"and":[17,134],"its":[18,29],"operation":[19],"is,":[20],"therefore,":[21],"not":[22],"dependent":[23],"on":[24,41],"the":[25,35,43,53,84,88,98,104,112,116,120],"duty":[26,50,85],"cycle":[27,86],"of":[28,48,52,83,87,94,115,137],"input":[30,55],"signals.":[31],"To":[32],"improve":[33],"performance,":[34],"phase":[36,122],"comparison":[37],"can":[38],"be":[39,59],"performed":[40],"both":[42],"edges.":[44],"potential":[46],"problem":[47],"unequal":[49],"cycles":[51],"two":[54],"signals":[56],"has":[57],"to":[58,63,111],"solved":[60],"order":[62],"arrive":[64],"at":[65],"a":[66,75,95],"functional":[67],"dual":[68],"architecture.":[71],"This":[72,108],"paper":[73],"proposes":[74],"dual-edge":[76],"triggered":[77],"architecture":[79],"that":[80],"independent":[82,136],"inputs.":[90],"pull-in":[92,121],"performance":[93],"synthesizer":[96],"using":[97],"new":[99,117],"enhanced":[102],"while":[103],"stability":[105],"remains":[106],"unchanged.":[107],"due":[110],"DC":[113],"outputs":[114],"during":[119],"only.":[123],"newly":[125],"proposed":[126],"agile-PFD":[127],"or":[128,143],"APFD":[129],"requires":[130],"only":[131],"digital":[132],"cells":[133],"any":[138],"given":[139],"technology,":[140],"architectures":[142],"fabrication":[144],"process.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
