{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1525478302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2003.1205098","title":"Automatic localization of craniofacial landmarks for assisted cephalometry","display_name":"Automatic localization of craniofacial landmarks for assisted cephalometry","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1525478302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2003.1205098","mag":"1525478302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2003.1205098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2003.1205098","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2003. ISCAS '03.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066312936","display_name":"I. El-Feghi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I. El-Feghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035291753","display_name":"M.A. Sid-Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.A. Sid-Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116239815","display_name":"Majid Ahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4046-2121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Windsor Univ., Ont., Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066312936"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1611,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75407128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"III","last_page":"630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10359","display_name":"Dental Implant Techniques and Outcomes","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.9366461038589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/craniofacial","display_name":"Craniofacial","score":0.7823362350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7122810482978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6935858726501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5897689461708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cephalometry","display_name":"Cephalometry","score":0.5635250210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5290604829788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4897496700286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48508015275001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.4762187898159027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.46628260612487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontics","display_name":"Orthodontics","score":0.25562775135040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21980667114257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08521604537963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.06148868799209595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.9366461038589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781245598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5182134","display_name":"Craniofacial","level":2,"score":0.7823362350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7122810482978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6935858726501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5897689461708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777081826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2418904","display_name":"Cephalometry","level":2,"score":0.5635250210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5290604829788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4897496700286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48508015275001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4762187898159027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46628260612487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.25562775135040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21980667114257812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08521604537963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06148868799209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iscas.2003.1205098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2003.1205098","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2003. ISCAS '03.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570834090","https://openalex.org/W2079883458","https://openalex.org/W2102661073","https://openalex.org/W2130905542","https://openalex.org/W2321373033","https://openalex.org/W2536785848","https://openalex.org/W6634027535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2795817156","https://openalex.org/W2045171823","https://openalex.org/W4289825342","https://openalex.org/W2037902621","https://openalex.org/W1995173235","https://openalex.org/W2067245475","https://openalex.org/W10878076","https://openalex.org/W2023521928","https://openalex.org/W2068352772","https://openalex.org/W2386189824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,23,31,38,59],"system":[6,34,51],"for":[7,27],"localization":[8,15],"of":[9,14,47,61,69],"cephalometric":[10],"landmarks.":[11],"The":[12,50],"process":[13],"is":[16,52],"carried":[17],"out":[18],"in":[19],"two":[20],"step:":[21],"deriving":[22],"smaller":[24],"expectation":[25],"window":[26],"each":[28],"landmark":[29],"using":[30],"trained":[32,53],"neuro-fuzzy":[33],"(NFS,)":[35],"then":[36],"applying":[37],"template-matching":[39],"algorithm":[40],"to":[41,54],"pin":[42],"point":[43],"the":[44,48],"exact":[45],"location":[46],"landmark.":[49],"locate":[55],"20":[56],"landmarks":[57],"on":[58],"database":[60],"200":[62],"images.":[63],"Preliminary":[64],"results":[65],"show":[66],"an":[67],"average":[68],"90%":[70],"recognition":[71],"rate.":[72]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}