{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3140912187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isca.2012.6237014","title":"A micro-architectural analysis of switched photonic multi-chip interconnects","display_name":"A micro-architectural analysis of switched photonic multi-chip interconnects","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3140912187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isca.2012.6237014","mag":"3140912187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isca.2012.6237014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isca.2012.6237014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 39th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061058502","display_name":"Pranay Koka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342911587","display_name":"Oracle (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/006c77m33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pranay Koka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oracle Labs, USA","Oracle Laboratories, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Labs, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Laboratories, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041070636","display_name":"Michael O. McCracken","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342911587","display_name":"Oracle (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/006c77m33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael O. McCracken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oracle Labs, USA","Oracle Laboratories, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Labs, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Laboratories, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110191234","display_name":"Herb Schwetman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342911587","display_name":"Oracle (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/006c77m33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herb Schwetman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oracle Labs, USA","Oracle Laboratories, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Labs, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Laboratories, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023789566","display_name":"Chia-Hsin Owen Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Hsin Owen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113646483","display_name":"Xuezhe Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-6202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342911587","display_name":"Oracle (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/006c77m33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuezhe Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oracle Labs, USA","Oracle Laboratories, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Labs, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Laboratories, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103340910","display_name":"Ron Ho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342911587","display_name":"Oracle (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/006c77m33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ron Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oracle Labs, USA","Oracle Laboratories, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Labs, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Laboratories, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111013579","display_name":"Kannan Raj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342911587","display_name":"Oracle (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/006c77m33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kannan Raj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oracle Labs, USA","Oracle Laboratories, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Labs, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Laboratories, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008485416","display_name":"Ashok V. Krishnamoorthy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342911587","display_name":"Oracle (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/006c77m33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok V. Krishnamoorthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oracle Labs, USA","Oracle Laboratories, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Labs, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oracle Laboratories, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061058502"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4371,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93165704,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"153","last_page":"164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6349309086799622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.6270459294319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6045655608177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.5843684673309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-photonics","display_name":"Silicon photonics","score":0.5516166687011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-switch","display_name":"Optical switch","score":0.5373010039329529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-to-point","display_name":"Point-to-point","score":0.49190592765808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.47482046484947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4707242548465729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4393364489078522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-network","display_name":"Telecommunications network","score":0.43792349100112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-switching","display_name":"Circuit switching","score":0.4314192533493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-power","display_name":"Optical power","score":0.41829633712768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26054710149765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2315792441368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17069274187088013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15854156017303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13727635145187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1241113543510437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6349309086799622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.6270459294319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6045655608177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.5843684673309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119423029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3749103","display_name":"Silicon photonics","level":3,"score":0.5516166687011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101336846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105111","display_name":"Optical switch","level":2,"score":0.5373010039329529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174440990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q681349","display_name":"Point-to-point","level":2,"score":0.49190592765808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.47482046484947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4707242548465729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4393364489078522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.43792349100112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74294265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506273","display_name":"Circuit switching","level":2,"score":0.4314192533493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191161701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559265","display_name":"Optical power","level":3,"score":0.41829633712768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26054710149765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2315792441368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17069274187088013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15854156017303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13727635145187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1241113543510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isca.2012.6237014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isca.2012.6237014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 39th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W826415870","https://openalex.org/W1501077214","https://openalex.org/W1523820547","https://openalex.org/W1764291228","https://openalex.org/W1972483276","https://openalex.org/W1973666805","https://openalex.org/W1975965566","https://openalex.org/W1982324755","https://openalex.org/W1985818188","https://openalex.org/W1997011753","https://openalex.org/W2018794533","https://openalex.org/W2023450832","https://openalex.org/W2049132385","https://openalex.org/W2049177964","https://openalex.org/W2062189115","https://openalex.org/W2070186312","https://openalex.org/W2089058648","https://openalex.org/W2092082030","https://openalex.org/W2094526959","https://openalex.org/W2094700182","https://openalex.org/W2096696871","https://openalex.org/W2104013240","https://openalex.org/W2104741809","https://openalex.org/W2108082686","https://openalex.org/W2113209593","https://openalex.org/W2113396592","https://openalex.org/W2119565088","https://openalex.org/W2125278906","https://openalex.org/W2128784961","https://openalex.org/W2130297200","https://openalex.org/W2131414950","https://openalex.org/W2135129294","https://openalex.org/W2135826509","https://openalex.org/W2138073236","https://openalex.org/W2140588508","https://openalex.org/W2145109945","https://openalex.org/W2162294618","https://openalex.org/W2171181746","https://openalex.org/W3015022197","https://openalex.org/W3139689176","https://openalex.org/W3139707965","https://openalex.org/W3141333907","https://openalex.org/W3150685302","https://openalex.org/W4230841325","https://openalex.org/W4231498046","https://openalex.org/W4234362693","https://openalex.org/W4235174262","https://openalex.org/W4244137783","https://openalex.org/W4247311625","https://openalex.org/W6637731390","https://openalex.org/W6674498722","https://openalex.org/W6675965805","https://openalex.org/W6693519706","https://openalex.org/W6793601454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367586249","https://openalex.org/W1963595673","https://openalex.org/W2041681876","https://openalex.org/W2146047661","https://openalex.org/W2280033551","https://openalex.org/W2373904677","https://openalex.org/W2378550345","https://openalex.org/W2597199803","https://openalex.org/W1982500660","https://openalex.org/W2060029196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Silicon":[0],"photonics":[1],"is":[2,53],"a":[3,11,65,100,117,150,193,204],"promising":[4],"technology":[5],"to":[6,24,93,163],"scale":[7],"offchip":[8],"bandwidth":[9,184],"in":[10,153],"power-efficient":[12],"manner.":[13],"Given":[14],"equivalent":[15],"bandwidth,":[16],"the":[17,25,75,112,131,182,208],"flexibility":[18],"of":[19,80,134,173,181,196],"switched":[20,96,114,124,165],"networks":[21,34,115,125,128],"often":[22],"leads":[23],"assumption":[26,56],"that":[27,73,123,159,178,191],"they":[28],"deliver":[29],"greater":[30],"performance":[31,210],"than":[32],"point-to-point":[33,119,127,205],"on":[35],"message":[36,108],"passing":[37],"applications":[38],"with":[39,167],"low-radix":[40],"traffic":[41,187],"patterns.":[42,188],"However,":[43],"when":[44,130],"optical":[45,51,81,132,198],"losses":[46,133,139],"are":[47,140],"considered":[48],"and":[49,78,87,105,116,136,211],"total":[50],"power":[52,66,76],"constrained,":[54],"this":[55,61,91,147,160],"no":[57],"longer":[58],"holds.":[59],"In":[60],"paper":[62],"we":[63,110],"present":[64],"constrained":[67],"method":[68,92],"for":[69,99],"designing":[70],"photonic":[71],"interconnects":[72],"uses":[74],"characteristics":[77],"limits":[79],"switches,":[82],"waveguide":[83],"crossings,":[84],"inter-layer":[85,137],"couplers":[86,138],"waveguides.":[88],"We":[89,121,156,189],"apply":[90],"design":[94],"three":[95,113],"network":[97,166,177,206],"topologies":[98],"multi-chip":[101],"system.":[102],"Using":[103],"synthetic":[104],"HPC":[106],"benchmark-derived":[107],"patterns,":[109],"simulated":[111],"WDM":[118],"network.":[120],"show":[122,158],"outperform":[126],"only":[129],"switches":[135],"each":[141],"0.75":[142],"dB":[143],"or":[144],"lower;":[145],"achieving":[146],"would":[148],"require":[149],"major":[151],"breakthrough":[152],"device":[154,202],"development.":[155],"then":[157],"result":[161],"extends":[162],"any":[164],"similarly":[168],"complex":[169],"topology,":[170],"through":[171],"simulations":[172],"an":[174],"idealized":[175],"\"perfect\"":[176],"supports":[179],"90%":[180],"peak":[183],"under":[185,200],"all":[186],"conclude":[190],"given":[192],"fixed":[194],"amount":[195],"input":[197],"power,":[199],"realistic":[201],"assumptions,":[203],"has":[207],"best":[209],"energy":[212],"characteristics.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}