{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116845397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc266238.2025.11293290","title":"Design and Single-Hop Evaluation of a Network-Controlled Repeater for Enabling Urban mmWave Coverage","display_name":"Design and Single-Hop Evaluation of a Network-Controlled Repeater for Enabling Urban mmWave Coverage","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116845397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc266238.2025.11293290"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isc266238.2025.11293290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc266238.2025.11293290","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091566433","display_name":"Jin Nakazato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2394-267X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin Nakazato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo University of Science,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo University of Science,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121092823","display_name":"Go Itami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109629","display_name":"GC Corporation (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jrqwn31","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109629"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Go Itami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visban Corporation,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visban Corporation,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075104595","display_name":"Yuki Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-2379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuki Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo University of Science,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo University of Science,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058291499","display_name":"Taisei Miyaoka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taisei Miyaoka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo University of Science,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo University of Science,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121031188","display_name":"Yuki Sasaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuki Sasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo University of Science,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo University of Science,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121099819","display_name":"Arokia Nathan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109629","display_name":"GC Corporation (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01jrqwn31","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109629"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arokia Nathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visban Corporation,Tokyo,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visban Corporation,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109629"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091566433"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79505027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.928600013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.928600013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.01769999973475933,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeater","display_name":"Repeater (horology)","score":0.8021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6848999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-repeater","display_name":"Radio repeater","score":0.31209999322891235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195545963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469803","display_name":"Repeater (horology)","level":3,"score":0.8021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6848999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5217999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180664797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437028","display_name":"Radio repeater","level":5,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43551900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824704","display_name":"Out-of-band management","level":4,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isc266238.2025.11293290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc266238.2025.11293290","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6352439522743225,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972536542","https://openalex.org/W2800847718","https://openalex.org/W3036215405","https://openalex.org/W3044412485","https://openalex.org/W4213429876","https://openalex.org/W4296913260","https://openalex.org/W4312269102","https://openalex.org/W4383316123","https://openalex.org/W4387894530","https://openalex.org/W4392717095","https://openalex.org/W4400877626","https://openalex.org/W4405178943","https://openalex.org/W4408609872","https://openalex.org/W4409640839","https://openalex.org/W4410341674"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nearly":[0],"five":[1],"years":[2],"have":[3,115],"passed":[4],"since":[5],"the":[6,16,21,29,40,59,62,70,94,97,156,168],"commercial":[7],"launch":[8],"of":[9,31,64,73,133,158],"<tex":[10],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[11],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathbf{5":[12],"G}$</tex>":[13],"services.":[14],"Although":[15],"Sub-6":[17],"GHz":[18],"band":[19],"remains":[20,145],"primary":[22],"frequency":[23],"range":[24],"for":[25,39,171,180],"base":[26,66],"station":[27],"deployment,":[28],"adoption":[30],"millimeter":[32],"wave":[33],"(mmWave)":[34],"technology,":[35],"which":[36],"was":[37],"introduced":[38],"first":[41],"time":[42],"in":[43,61,75,93,112,138],"mobile":[44],"communication,":[45],"has":[46],"faced":[47],"challenges":[48,186],"owing":[49,118],"to":[50,56,90,105,119],"its":[51],"limited":[52],"coverage":[53,71,99,181],"and":[54,109,122,148,166,191],"susceptibility":[55],"blockage.":[57],"Consequently,":[58],"growth":[60],"number":[63],"mmWave":[65,74],"stations":[67],"stagnated.":[68],"Addressing":[69],"limitations":[72],"5G":[76],"is":[77,136],"an":[78],"essential":[79],"step":[80],"toward":[81],"realizing":[82],"6G,":[83],"where":[84],"even":[85],"higher-frequency":[86],"bands":[87],"are":[88,151],"expected":[89],"be":[91],"utilized":[92],"future.":[95],"Among":[96],"various":[98],"enhancement":[100],"technologies":[101],"across":[102],"layers":[103],"1":[104,114],"3,":[106],"analog":[107,134,163],"repeaters":[108],"passive":[110],"reflectors":[111],"layer":[113],"gained":[116],"attention":[117],"their":[120],"cost-effectiveness":[121],"signal":[123],"amplification":[124],"capabilities.":[125],"In":[126],"particular,":[127],"NetworkControlled":[128],"Repeater":[129],"(NCR),":[130],"a":[131,159,172],"type":[132],"repeater,":[135],"standardized":[137],"3GPP":[139],"Release":[140],"18.":[141],"However,":[142],"existing":[143],"research":[144],"largely":[146],"theoretical,":[147],"practical":[149],"evaluations":[150],"limited.":[152],"This":[153],"paper":[154],"presents":[155],"development":[157],"prototype":[160],"NCR":[161],"with":[162],"beamforming":[164],"functionality":[165],"reports":[167],"experimental":[169],"results":[170,176],"single":[173],"hop.":[174],"The":[175],"demonstrate":[177],"NCR's":[178],"potential":[179],"extension,":[182],"while":[183],"highlighting":[184],"future":[185],"such":[187],"as":[188],"multi-hop":[189],"operation":[190],"orchestrator":[192],"control.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2025-12-23T00:00:00"}