{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308087297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc255366.2022.9922358","title":"Effects of Conventional UPS vs Smart Energy Metering Solution on Harmonics and Grid Stability for Low Voltage Consumers in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Pakistan","display_name":"Effects of Conventional UPS vs Smart Energy Metering Solution on Harmonics and Grid Stability for Low Voltage Consumers in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Pakistan","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308087297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc255366.2022.9922358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isc255366.2022.9922358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc255366.2022.9922358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608314","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027407835","display_name":"Mahnoor Aftab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahnoor Aftab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077782997","display_name":"Syed Muhammad Ahsan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2274-732X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Muhammad Ahsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069432255","display_name":"Muhammad Adeel Pasha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9892-5201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Adeel Pasha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053031935","display_name":"Aamna Nasir Hameed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamna Nasir Hameed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025233353","display_name":"Nauman Ahmad Zaffar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7568-9426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nauman Ahmad Zaffar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018660714","display_name":"Amrut Dant","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913140155","display_name":"Offenburg University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03zh5eq96","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913140155"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amrut Dant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Reliable Embedded System and Communication Electronics, Offenburg University,Offenburg,Germany","Institute of Reliable Embedded System and Communication Electronics, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Reliable Embedded System and Communication Electronics, Offenburg University,Offenburg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913140155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Reliable Embedded System and Communication Electronics, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913140155"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019197766","display_name":"Axel Sikora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0878-2919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel Sikora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS),Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027407835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16256755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blackout","display_name":"Blackout","score":0.7698521614074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.751900315284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uninterruptible-power-supply","display_name":"Uninterruptible power supply","score":0.706348717212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6603306531906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-harmonic-distortion","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","score":0.6436911225318909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metering-mode","display_name":"Metering mode","score":0.6306406855583191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5594717264175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.495870441198349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4548110067844391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.45453670620918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-voltage","display_name":"Low voltage","score":0.4284753203392029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4228178858757019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4207381010055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.4165145754814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.36197134852409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3611803650856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.07704100012779236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359099","display_name":"Blackout","level":4,"score":0.7698521614074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.751900315284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988808934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207696","display_name":"Uninterruptible power supply","level":3,"score":0.706348717212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6603306531906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.6436911225318909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30905978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815598","display_name":"Metering mode","level":2,"score":0.6306406855583191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5594717264175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.495870441198349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4548110067844391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45453670620918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128624480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504817","display_name":"Low voltage","level":3,"score":0.4284753203392029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4228178858757019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4207381010055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.4165145754814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.36197134852409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3611803650856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07704100012779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isc255366.2022.9922358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc255366.2022.9922358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608314","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.hs-offenburg.de:6719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://opus.hs-offenburg.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/6719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196587","display_name":"Opus-HSO (Offenburg University of Applied Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913140155","host_organization_name":"Offenburg University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913140155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2541651390","https://openalex.org/W2362501786","https://openalex.org/W2056229749","https://openalex.org/W2369265009","https://openalex.org/W4391424147","https://openalex.org/W1970209698","https://openalex.org/W2996429578","https://openalex.org/W4385273444","https://openalex.org/W3120216189","https://openalex.org/W2110637218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"deal":[1],"with":[2],"frequent":[3],"power":[4,15,42,57,73,109,158],"outages":[5],"in":[6,47,66,75,161],"developing":[7,163],"countries,":[8],"people":[9],"turn":[10],"to":[11,29,115],"solutions":[12],"like":[13,165],"uninterruptible":[14],"supply":[16],"(UPS),":[17],"which":[18],"stores":[19],"electric":[20],"energy":[21,31,85,170],"during":[22,33],"normal":[23],"operating":[24],"hours":[25],"and":[26,50,61,118,123,130,143],"use":[27],"it":[28],"meet":[30],"needs":[32],"rolling":[34],"blackout":[35],"intervals.":[36],"Locally":[37],"produced":[38],"UPSs":[39,68],"of":[40,63,72,126,145],"poorer":[41],"quality":[43,159],"are":[44],"widely":[45],"accessible":[46],"the":[48,64,97,141,146,172],"marketplaces,":[49],"they":[51],"have":[52],"a":[53,162],"negative":[54],"impact":[55,139],"on":[56,133,140],"quality.":[58],"The":[59,79,149],"charging":[60,117],"discharging":[62],"batteries":[65],"these":[67],"generate":[69],"significant":[70],"amount":[71],"losses":[74],"weak":[76],"grid":[77],"environments.":[78],"Smart-UPS":[80,131,154],"is":[81,94,107],"our":[82],"proposed":[83],"smart":[84],"metering":[86],"(SEM)":[87],"solution":[88],"for":[89],"low":[90],"voltage":[91],"consumers":[92],"that":[93,153],"provided":[95],"by":[96,167],"distribution":[98,147],"company.":[99],"It":[100],"does":[101],"not":[102],"require":[103],"batteries,":[104],"therefore":[105],"there":[106],"no":[108],"loss":[110],"or":[111],"harmonic":[112,124],"distortion":[113],"due":[114],"corresponding":[116],"discharging.":[119],"Through":[120],"load":[121],"flow":[122],"analysis":[125],"both":[127],"traditional":[128,174],"UPS":[129],"systems":[132],"ETAP,":[134],"this":[135],"paper":[136],"examines":[137],"their":[138],"harmonics":[142],"stability":[144],"grid.":[148],"simulation":[150],"results":[151],"demonstrate":[152],"can":[155],"assist":[156],"fixing":[157],"issues":[160],"country":[164],"Pakistan":[166],"providing":[168],"cleaner":[169],"than":[171],"battery-operated":[173],"UPSs.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}