{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308087318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc255366.2022.9921853","title":"Estimated Time of Arrival in Autonomous Vehicles Using Gradient Boosting: Real-life case study in public transportation","display_name":"Estimated Time of Arrival in Autonomous Vehicles Using Gradient Boosting: Real-life case study in public transportation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308087318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc255366.2022.9921853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isc255366.2022.9921853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc255366.2022.9921853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608314","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC255366.2022.9921853","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076039612","display_name":"Evangelos Antypas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6689-8843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evangelos Antypas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas,Thessaloniki,Greece","Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas,Thessaloniki,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035603125","display_name":"Georgios Spanos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2804-385X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Spanos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas,Thessaloniki,Greece","Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas,Thessaloniki,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051582957","display_name":"Antonios Lalas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5337-161X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Lalas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas,Thessaloniki,Greece","Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas,Thessaloniki,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064307246","display_name":"Konstantinos Votis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6381-8326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Votis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas,Thessaloniki,Greece","Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas,Thessaloniki,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087452615","display_name":"Dimitrios Tzovaras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6915-6722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Tzovaras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas,Thessaloniki,Greece","Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas,Thessaloniki,Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute, Center for Research and Technology - Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7143,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83860759,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"Gradient boosting","score":0.8576812744140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.8094007968902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaps","display_name":"LEAPS","score":0.7478138208389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.5647870898246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5403696298599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.47874850034713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.46360456943511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4624825417995453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44934213161468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4117836058139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.32424044609069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2908974587917328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.250664621591568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2318877875804901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.17720535397529602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.09710514545440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08684203028678894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.8576812744140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.8094007968902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777705401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6457570","display_name":"LEAPS","level":2,"score":0.7478138208389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.5647870898246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5403696298599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.47874850034713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.46360456943511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4624825417995453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44934213161468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4117836058139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.32424044609069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2908974587917328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.250664621591568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2318877875804901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.17720535397529602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.09710514545440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08684203028678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isc255366.2022.9921853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc255366.2022.9921853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608314","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:7437600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC255366.2022.9921853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:7437600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC255366.2022.9921853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1446336056","https://openalex.org/W1937720198","https://openalex.org/W2065964860","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2519413907","https://openalex.org/W2768348081","https://openalex.org/W2784128073","https://openalex.org/W2964022491","https://openalex.org/W2970079819","https://openalex.org/W2987201163","https://openalex.org/W2998287028","https://openalex.org/W3009274843","https://openalex.org/W3023536242","https://openalex.org/W3081125651","https://openalex.org/W3097360280","https://openalex.org/W3103044453","https://openalex.org/W3112614053","https://openalex.org/W3130686594","https://openalex.org/W3132066259","https://openalex.org/W3135857828","https://openalex.org/W3148771382","https://openalex.org/W3196292270","https://openalex.org/W3204822542","https://openalex.org/W4200450497","https://openalex.org/W4213164607","https://openalex.org/W4230660209","https://openalex.org/W6681317705","https://openalex.org/W6745609711","https://openalex.org/W6750729320"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967733078","https://openalex.org/W3204430031","https://openalex.org/W3137904399","https://openalex.org/W4310492845","https://openalex.org/W3040783393","https://openalex.org/W4287726157","https://openalex.org/W2885778889","https://openalex.org/W4310224730","https://openalex.org/W2766514146","https://openalex.org/W4289703016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0,140],"Vehicles":[1],"(AVs)":[2],"are":[3,148],"expected":[4,62],"to":[5,63,72,98,153,155],"revolutionise":[6],"the":[7,22,37,55,78,143,156,160],"methods":[8,138],"of":[9,40,57,80,145,162],"transportation.":[10],"Research":[11],"and":[12,92,94,126,151,164],"innovation":[13],"in":[14,21,104,139,159],"this":[15,65,95,107,146],"field":[16,86,161],"is":[17,43,61,70,84],"making":[18],"huge":[19],"leaps":[20],"last":[23],"few":[24],"years,":[25],"whether":[26],"it":[27],"considers":[28],"vehicles":[29],"used":[30],"for":[31,113],"private":[32],"or":[33],"public":[34],"transport.":[35],"Predicting":[36],"Estimated":[38],"Time":[39],"Arrival":[41],"(ETA)":[42],"a":[44,74,85,100],"very":[45,149],"important":[46],"attribute":[47],"associated":[48],"with":[49,54],"Public":[50],"Transport":[51],"(PT).":[52],"Especially":[53],"rise":[56],"AVs'":[58],"adoption,":[59],"PT":[60,81,83],"follow":[64],"trend.":[66],"Therefore,":[67],"ETA":[68,114,136],"prediction":[69,115,137],"deemed":[71],"be":[73],"service":[75],"that":[76,87],"interests":[77],"majority":[79],"stakeholders.":[82],"automation":[88],"benefits":[89],"both":[90],"stakeholders":[91],"commuters,":[93],"research":[96,147],"aims":[97],"provide":[99],"benchmark":[101],"considering":[102],"AVs":[103],"PT.":[105,166],"Within":[106],"work,":[108],"Gradient":[109,120,128],"Boosting":[110,121,124,129],"(GB)":[111],"techniques":[112],"were":[116],"employed,":[117],"namely":[118],"eXtreme":[119],"(XGBoost),":[122],"Categorical":[123],"(CatBoost)":[125],"Light":[127],"Machines":[130],"(LightGBM).":[131],"This":[132],"study":[133],"proposes":[134],"competitive":[135],"Buses,":[141],"while":[142],"results":[144],"encouraging":[150],"aim":[152],"contribute":[154],"overall":[157],"investigations":[158],"autonomous":[163],"automated":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-11-08T00:00:00"}