{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4250423980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc2.2018.8656930","title":"Improving the Physical Layer Security of the Internet of Things (IoT)","display_name":"Improving the Physical Layer Security of the Internet of Things (IoT)","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4250423980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc2.2018.8656930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isc2.2018.8656930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc2.2018.8656930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010679986","display_name":"Ali Alsadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7905-2177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102401767","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Little Rock","ror":"https://ror.org/04fttyv97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Alsadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering, The University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering, The University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079157758","display_name":"Seshadri Mohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-9988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102401767","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Little Rock","ror":"https://ror.org/04fttyv97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seshadri Mohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Systems Engineering, The University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems Engineering, The University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34588933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.7638689279556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7475746870040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.7087382674217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.7006952166557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.6819903254508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6528319120407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.6134504675865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6021929383277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-transmission","display_name":"Secure transmission","score":0.5242283940315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5180097222328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4782123267650604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4690924882888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theoretic-security","display_name":"Information-theoretic security","score":0.4472377300262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4461353123188019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.40555474162101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3345867097377777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29003167152404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12637364864349365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.7638689279556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7475746870040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7087382674217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.7006952166557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.6819903254508972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6528319120407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.6134504675865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6021929383277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.5242283940315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5180097222328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4782123267650604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4690924882888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47191418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510462","display_name":"Information-theoretic security","level":3,"score":0.4472377300262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4461353123188019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.40555474162101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3345867097377777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29003167152404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12637364864349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isc2.2018.8656930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isc2.2018.8656930","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549287041","https://openalex.org/W1870509456","https://openalex.org/W1988334478","https://openalex.org/W2012125608","https://openalex.org/W2031744423","https://openalex.org/W2041235917","https://openalex.org/W2109520672","https://openalex.org/W2126433409","https://openalex.org/W2133406100","https://openalex.org/W2414819045","https://openalex.org/W2556471084","https://openalex.org/W2569395685","https://openalex.org/W2593599509","https://openalex.org/W2735686482","https://openalex.org/W2736051968","https://openalex.org/W2774692958","https://openalex.org/W2963425522","https://openalex.org/W4211178795","https://openalex.org/W4393145557","https://openalex.org/W6678727700","https://openalex.org/W6741870818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391308034","https://openalex.org/W3036307543","https://openalex.org/W2290997318","https://openalex.org/W4256489728","https://openalex.org/W2013906384","https://openalex.org/W2059799853","https://openalex.org/W1512838724","https://openalex.org/W2799637313","https://openalex.org/W2803801929","https://openalex.org/W2460691506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,222],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,7,32,207,215,233,242],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"is":[5,16,117,159],"one":[6,237],"the":[8,14,28,33,46,51,60,64,73,79,87,98,102,108,112,138,141,146,149,155,173,180,184,195,199,204,213,219,231,243,246,251,256,261,273],"most":[9],"promising":[10],"technological":[11],"revolutions.":[12],"However,":[13],"IoT":[15,34],"inherently":[17],"vulnerable":[18],"to":[19,26,63,71,86,111,129,136,148,171,194,245],"attacks.":[20],"In":[21,45],"this":[22],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,165,190,211],"propose":[25],"enhance":[27],"physical":[29,47],"layer":[30,48],"security":[31,49],"by":[35,77],"using":[36,226,255],"a":[37,93,133],"technique":[38],"called":[39],"information":[40,110,128,147,193],"passing":[41],"and":[42,123,178,202,267],"interference":[43],"addition.":[44],"analysis,":[50],"achieved":[52],"secrecy":[53,75,95,205,265],"rate":[54,76,96,266],"has":[55,270],"an":[56,83,118],"inverse":[57],"relationship":[58],"with":[59,187],"intruder's":[61],"distance":[62],"legitimate":[65,80,103,174,220,248,262],"transmitter.":[66],"Our":[67],"work":[68],"is,":[69],"first,":[70],"increase":[72,230],"achievable":[74,264],"letting":[78],"transmitter":[81,104],"find":[82],"alternative":[84],"route":[85],"fusion":[88,113],"center":[89,114],"that":[90,157,208,225,254,268],"could":[91],"achieve":[92],"higher":[94],"than":[97],"direct":[99],"route.":[100],"Hence,":[101],"must":[105,125,152],"not":[106],"disclose":[107,191],"actual":[109],"if":[115],"there":[116,158],"eavesdropper":[119,185],"located":[120],"between":[121],"them,":[122],"rather":[124],"pass":[126],"its":[127],"another":[130],"node":[131,151,244],"via":[132],"directional":[134,216,227,274],"antenna":[135,275],"concentrate":[137],"power":[139],"towards":[140],"intended":[142],"receiving":[143],"node.":[144],"Passing":[145],"nearest":[150],"happen":[153],"under":[154],"condition":[156],"no":[160],"intruder":[161],"in":[162],"between.":[163],"Second,":[164],"use":[166,214],"simultaneous":[167,257],"multi-stream":[168,258],"beamforming":[169,259],"transmission":[170],"strengthen":[172],"receiver's":[175],"signal-to-noise":[176],"ratios":[177],"at":[179,235],"same":[181],"time":[182],"poison":[183],"channel":[186],"interference.":[188],"Third,":[189],"false":[192],"intruder.":[196],"We":[197],"created":[198],"system":[200],"design":[201],"investigated":[203],"analysis":[206],"system.":[209],"Also,":[210],"discussed":[212],"antennas":[217,228],"on":[218],"nodes.":[221,249],"result":[223],"showed":[224,253],"would":[229],"probability":[232],"having":[234],"least":[236],"secure":[238],"connection":[239],"coming":[240],"out":[241],"other":[247],"Moreover,":[250],"results":[252],"improved":[260],"channel's":[263],"it":[269],"superiority":[271],"over":[272],"effect.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}