{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416238623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11516035","title":"CephRes-MHNet: A Multi-Head Residual Network for Accurate and Robust Cephalometric Landmark Detection","display_name":"CephRes-MHNet: A Multi-Head Residual Network for Accurate and Robust Cephalometric Landmark Detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416238623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11516035"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11516035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11516035","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.10173","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114746950","display_name":"Ahmed Jaheen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80693520","display_name":"American University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yqn58","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Jaheen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090776017","display_name":"Islam Tarek Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-2057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80693520","display_name":"American University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yqn58","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Islam Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120700912","display_name":"Mohanad Abouserie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80693520","display_name":"American University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yqn58","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohanad Abouserie","raw_affiliation_strings":["The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120402423","display_name":"Abdelaty Rehab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80693520","display_name":"American University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yqn58","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelaty Rehab","raw_affiliation_strings":["The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120650517","display_name":"Adham Elasfar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80693520","display_name":"American University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yqn58","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adham Elasfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120650518","display_name":"Knzy Elmasry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80693520","display_name":"American University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yqn58","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Knzy Elmasry","raw_affiliation_strings":["The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038643287","display_name":"Mostafa M. El-Dawlatly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa El-Dawlatly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cairo University,Department of Orthodontics,Cairo,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cairo University,Department of Orthodontics,Cairo,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053955479","display_name":"Seif Eldawlatly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-0569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80693520","display_name":"American University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/0176yqn58","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seif Eldawlatly","raw_affiliation_strings":["The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The American University in Cairo,Computer Science and Engineering Department,Cairo,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80693520"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00094954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.8646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.7190999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cephalometric-analysis","display_name":"Cephalometric analysis","score":0.5612999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43619999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.41679999232292175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.8646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.7190999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.675599992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6625999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5063294","display_name":"Cephalometric analysis","level":2,"score":0.5612999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43619999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779300802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13147","display_name":"Skull","level":2,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2944601119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43744058","display_name":"Residual neural network","level":3,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777081826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2418904","display_name":"Cephalometry","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11516035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11516035","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.10173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.10173","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.10173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.10173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.10173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.10173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.10173","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.10173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416238623.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"localization":[1],"of":[2,73,83,95,131],"cephalometric":[3,47],"landmarks":[4],"from":[5],"2D":[6],"lateral":[7],"skull":[8],"X-rays":[9],"is":[10,19],"vital":[11],"for":[12,43,149],"orthodontic":[13,151],"diagnosis":[14],"and":[15,21,31,45,57,64,86],"treatment.":[16],"Manual":[17],"annotation":[18],"time-consuming":[20],"error-prone,":[22],"whereas":[23],"automated":[24],"approaches":[25],"often":[26],"struggle":[27],"with":[28],"low":[29],"contrast":[30],"anatomical":[32,65],"complexity.":[33],"This":[34],"paper":[35],"introduces":[36],"CephRes-MHNet,":[37],"a":[38,78,87,146],"multi-head":[39,58],"residual":[40,53],"convolutional":[41],"network":[42],"robust":[44],"efficient":[46],"landmark":[48],"detection.":[49],"The":[50],"architecture":[51],"integrates":[52],"encoding,":[54],"dual-attention":[55],"mechanisms,":[56],"decoders":[59],"to":[60],"enhance":[61],"contextual":[62],"reasoning":[63],"precision.":[66],"Trained":[67],"on":[68],"the":[69,106,109],"Aariz":[70],"Cephalometric":[71],"dataset":[72],"1,000":[74],"radiographs,":[75],"CephResMHNet":[76],"achieved":[77],"mean":[79],"radial":[80],"error":[81],"(MRE)":[82],"1.23":[84],"mm":[85,94],"success":[88],"detection":[89],"rate":[90],"(SDR)":[91],"@":[92,118],"2.0":[93],"85.5":[96],"%,":[97],"outperforming":[98],"all":[99],"evaluated":[100],"models.":[101],"In":[102],"particular,":[103],"it":[104],"exceeded":[105],"strongest":[107],"baseline,":[108],"attention-driven":[110],"AFPF-Net":[111],"(MRE":[112],"<tex":[113,119],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[114,120],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$=1.25":[115],"~\\text{mm}$</tex>,":[116],"SDR":[117],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$2.0":[121],"~\\text{mm}=":[122],"84.1":[123],"\\%$</tex>),":[124],"while":[125],"using":[126],"less":[127],"than":[128],"25":[129],"%":[130],"its":[132],"parameters.":[133],"These":[134],"results":[135],"demonstrate":[136],"that":[137],"CephRes-MHNet":[138],"attains":[139],"state-of-the-art":[140],"accuracy":[141],"through":[142],"architectural":[143],"efficiency,":[144],"providing":[145],"practical":[147],"solution":[148],"real-world":[150],"analysis.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-15T00:00:00"}
