{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161875078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11515908","title":"3D-LLDM: Label-Guided 3D Latent Diffusion Model for Improving High-Resolution Synthetic MR Imaging in Hepatic Structure Segmentation","display_name":"3D-LLDM: Label-Guided 3D Latent Diffusion Model for Improving High-Resolution Synthetic MR Imaging in Hepatic Structure Segmentation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161875078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11515908"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11515908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11515908","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126342227","display_name":"Kyeonghun Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161052","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m1gnk07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161052"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyeonghun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["OUTTA,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OUTTA,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028383645","display_name":"Jaehyeok Bae","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaehyeok Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Republic of Korea","Stanford University,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126324157","display_name":"Youngung Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161052","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m1gnk07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161052"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngung Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["OUTTA,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OUTTA,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039322291","display_name":"Joo Young Bae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6996-2714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joo Young Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Republic of Korea","Stanford University,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073034437","display_name":"Seoyoung Ju","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161052","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m1gnk07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161052"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seoyoung Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["OUTTA,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OUTTA,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032091387","display_name":"Junsu Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8585-5686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161052","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m1gnk07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161052"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junsu Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["OUTTA,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OUTTA,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000710718","display_name":"Gyeongmin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2851-0374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyeongmin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chung-Ang University,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chung-Ang University,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086488988","display_name":"N Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nam-Joon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009904795","display_name":"Woo Kyoung Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-2116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802194831","display_name":"Samsung Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05a15z872","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I2802194831"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woo Kyoung Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Medical Center,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Medical Center,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802194831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028602586","display_name":"Ken Ying-Kai Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7815-8199"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Ying-Kai Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA,Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA,Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106920665","display_name":"Won Jae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5833-989X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802194831","display_name":"Samsung Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05a15z872","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I2802194831"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Won Jae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Medical Center,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Medical Center,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802194831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059952027","display_name":"Pa Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-5230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pa Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Changwon Hospital,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Changwon Hospital,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136596564","display_name":"Hyuk-Jae Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyuk-Jae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82103626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11885","display_name":"MRI in cancer diagnosis","score":0.476500004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11885","display_name":"MRI in cancer diagnosis","score":0.476500004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.25780001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.04430000111460686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whole-body-imaging","display_name":"Whole body imaging","score":0.28200000524520874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42179998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776410896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7997551","display_name":"Whole body imaging","level":3,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992283565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899360","display_name":"Diffusion imaging","level":4,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11515908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11515908","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319144","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology, Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/01ft5vz71"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2774320778","https://openalex.org/W2965417721","https://openalex.org/W2995013125","https://openalex.org/W3007943565","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3135339980","https://openalex.org/W3167960955","https://openalex.org/W3175496530","https://openalex.org/W4223480370","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4319866177","https://openalex.org/W4360884927","https://openalex.org/W4377695098","https://openalex.org/W4386352876","https://openalex.org/W4388100458","https://openalex.org/W4390873054","https://openalex.org/W4390889814","https://openalex.org/W4392305448","https://openalex.org/W4393172808","https://openalex.org/W4402449885","https://openalex.org/W4403048632","https://openalex.org/W4403990404","https://openalex.org/W4414073185"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"and":[2,84,117,123],"generative":[3],"models":[4],"are":[5],"advancing":[6],"rapidly,":[7],"with":[8,57,70],"synthetic":[9,52,135],"data":[10,132],"increasingly":[11],"being":[12],"integrated":[13],"into":[14],"training":[15],"pipelines":[16],"for":[17,78,131],"downstream":[18],"analysis":[19],"tasks.":[20],"However,":[21],"in":[22],"medical":[23],"imaging,":[24],"their":[25],"adoption":[26],"remains":[27],"constrained":[28],"by":[29,141],"the":[30],"scarcity":[31],"of":[32,115],"reliable":[33],"annotated":[34],"datasets.":[35],"To":[36],"address":[37],"this":[38],"limitation,":[39],"we":[40],"propose":[41],"3D-LLDM,":[42],"a":[43,93,118],"labelguided":[44],"3D":[45],"latent":[46],"diffusion":[47,127],"model":[48],"that":[49],"generates":[50],"high-quality":[51],"magnetic":[53],"resonance":[54],"(MR)":[55],"volumes":[56,136],"corresponding":[58],"anatomical":[59],"segmentation":[60,140],"masks.":[61],"Our":[62],"approach":[63],"utilizes":[64],"hepatobiliary":[65,101],"phase":[66,102],"MR":[67,103],"images":[68],"enhanced":[69],"Gd-EOB-DTPA":[71],"contrast":[72],"agent":[73],"to":[74,143],"derive":[75],"structural":[76],"masks":[77],"liver,":[79],"portal":[80],"vein,":[81,83],"hepatic":[82],"hepatocellular":[85,138],"carcinoma,":[86],"which":[87],"subsequently":[88],"guide":[89],"volumetric":[90],"synthesis":[91],"through":[92],"ControlNet-based":[94],"architecture.":[95],"Trained":[96],"on":[97],"720":[98],"real":[99],"clinical":[100],"scans":[104],"from":[105],"Samsung":[106],"Medical":[107],"Center,":[108],"3D-LLDM":[109],"achieves":[110],"Fr\u00e9chet":[111],"Inception":[112],"Distance":[113],"(FID)":[114],"28.31":[116],"70.9%":[119],"improvement":[120],"over":[121,125],"GANs":[122],"26.7%":[124],"state-of-the-art":[126],"baselines.":[128],"When":[129],"used":[130],"augmentation,":[133],"our":[134],"boost":[137],"carcinoma":[139],"up":[142],"11.153%":[144],"Dice":[145],"score":[146],"across":[147],"five":[148],"CNN":[149],"architectures.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-21T00:00:00"}