{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161757988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11515777","title":"BEAT-SSL: Capturing Local ECG Morphology Through Heartbeat-Level Contrastive Learning with Soft Targets","display_name":"BEAT-SSL: Capturing Local ECG Morphology Through Heartbeat-Level Contrastive Learning with Soft Targets","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161757988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11515777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11515777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11515777","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/82054.html>,","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012077165","display_name":"Muhammad Ilham Rizqyawan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1603-186X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ilham Rizqyawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134452903","display_name":"Peter Macfarlane","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Macfarlane","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health &#x0026; Wellbeing, University of Glasgow,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health &#x0026; Wellbeing, University of Glasgow,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012436496","display_name":"Stathis Hadjidemetriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-5511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163151358","display_name":"Cyprus University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05qt8tf94","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163151358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104221","display_name":"Limassol General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00v7z6m55","country_code":"CY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104221","https://openalex.org/I4210137065"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stathis Hadjidemetriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Limassol,Department of Information Technologies,Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Limassol,Department of Information Technologies,Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163151358","https://openalex.org/I4210104221"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082776788","display_name":"Fani Deligianni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1306-5017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fani Deligianni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012077165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87661064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10065","display_name":"Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphology","display_name":"Morphology (biology)","score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.28119999170303345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6243000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C499950583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183252","display_name":"Morphology (biology)","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11515777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi61048.2026.11515777","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:376785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/82054.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:376785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/82054.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5161455273628235,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1936273765","https://openalex.org/W2095409369","https://openalex.org/W2798991696","https://openalex.org/W3027572331","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3091994574","https://openalex.org/W3199148273","https://openalex.org/W4206135956","https://openalex.org/W4226081047","https://openalex.org/W4313439128","https://openalex.org/W4391451039","https://openalex.org/W4392741075","https://openalex.org/W4401749947","https://openalex.org/W4412656634","https://openalex.org/W4415259594"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Obtaining":[0],"labelled":[1,27],"ECG":[2,65,108,136],"data":[3,146],"for":[4,102],"developing":[5],"supervised":[6],"models":[7],"is":[8],"challenging.":[9],"Contrastive":[10],"learning":[11,24,75,80],"(CL)":[12],"has":[13],"emerged":[14],"as":[15],"a":[16,73],"promising":[17],"pretraining":[18],"approach":[19],"that":[20,77],"enables":[21],"effective":[22],"transfer":[23],"with":[25,87,130],"limited":[26],"data.":[28],"However,":[29],"existing":[30],"CL":[31],"frameworks":[32],"either":[33],"focus":[34],"solely":[35],"on":[36,49,95,147],"global":[37,103],"context":[38],"or":[39],"fail":[40],"to":[41,110,114],"exploit":[42],"ECG-specific":[43],"characteristics.":[44],"Furthermore,":[45],"these":[46],"methods":[47,163],"rely":[48],"hard":[50],"contrastive":[51,74],"targets,":[52],"which":[53],"may":[54],"not":[55],"adequately":[56],"capture":[57],"the":[58,127,143,165],"continuous":[59],"nature":[60],"of":[61,142,152],"feature":[62],"similarity":[63],"in":[64,155,164],"signals.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70],"propose":[71],"Beat-SSL,":[72],"framework":[76],"performs":[78],"dual-context":[79],"through":[81],"both":[82,118],"rhythm-level":[83],"and":[84,106,125,159],"heartbeat-level":[85],"contrasting":[86],"soft":[88],"targets.":[89],"We":[90,120],"evaluated":[91],"our":[92],"pretrained":[93],"model":[94,145],"two":[96],"downstream":[97],"tasks:":[98],"1)":[99],"multilabel":[100,156],"classification":[101,157],"rhythm":[104],"assessment,":[105],"2)":[107],"segmentation":[109,166],"assess":[111],"its":[112,153],"capacity":[113],"learn":[115],"representations":[116],"across":[117],"contexts.":[119],"conducted":[121],"an":[122],"ablation":[123],"study":[124],"compared":[126],"best":[128],"configuration":[129],"three":[131],"other":[132,162],"methods,":[133],"including":[134],"one":[135],"foundation":[137,144],"model.":[138],"Despite":[139],"using":[140],"2.5%":[141],"pretraining,":[148],"Beat-SSL":[149],"reached":[150],"93%":[151],"performance":[154],"task":[158,167],"surpassed":[160],"all":[161],"by":[168],"4%.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-31T08:46:17.908082","created_date":"2026-05-21T00:00:00"}
