{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401750487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635833","title":"S<sup>3</sup>-TTA: Scale-Style Selection for Test-Time Augmentation in Biomedical Image Segmentation","display_name":"S<sup>3</sup>-TTA: Scale-Style Selection for Test-Time Augmentation in Biomedical Image Segmentation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401750487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635833"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635833","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113014591","display_name":"Kangxian Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2879-1448"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kangxian Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021639720","display_name":"Siyu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-0115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clemson University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clemson University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054612807","display_name":"Sebasti\u00e1n Andr\u00e9s Cajas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-6178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Cajas Ordonez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043151044","display_name":"Hanspeter Pfister","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-2582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanspeter Pfister","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085365474","display_name":"Donglai Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2329-5484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103531236","display_name":"Boston College","ror":"https://ror.org/02n2fzt79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donglai Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston College"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103531236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113014591"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13102563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"abs/1508.06576","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5822581648826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5795175433158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5481574535369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5269561409950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.519832193851471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4900780916213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.4651440382003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.45897287130355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.443178653717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4024343192577362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32810044288635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10432571172714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.09972947835922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08085557818412781}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5822581648826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5795175433158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5481574535369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5269561409950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.519832193851471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4900780916213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.4651440382003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45897287130355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.443178653717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4024343192577362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32810044288635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10432571172714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.09972947835922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08085557818412781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635833","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904878066","https://openalex.org/W2603777577","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2921185333","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963920537","https://openalex.org/W2980138121","https://openalex.org/W2980998394","https://openalex.org/W3012478585","https://openalex.org/W3022215132","https://openalex.org/W3028433770","https://openalex.org/W3111521801","https://openalex.org/W3127751617","https://openalex.org/W3128934754","https://openalex.org/W3165667955","https://openalex.org/W4226189559","https://openalex.org/W4319300563","https://openalex.org/W6640174519","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6754923448","https://openalex.org/W6760623587","https://openalex.org/W6782244542","https://openalex.org/W6811167574","https://openalex.org/W6887902538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356229341","https://openalex.org/W2349768204","https://openalex.org/W4313326281","https://openalex.org/W574867512","https://openalex.org/W2387271333","https://openalex.org/W581389233","https://openalex.org/W4205762803","https://openalex.org/W2361120309","https://openalex.org/W2387017288","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep-learning":[0],"models":[1,135],"have":[2],"been":[3],"successful":[4],"in":[5,130],"biomedical":[6],"image":[7,25,72,79],"segmentation.":[8],"To":[9],"generalize":[10],"for":[11,76,105],"real-world":[12],"deployment,":[13],"test-time":[14],"augmentation":[15],"(TTA)":[16],"methods":[17],"are":[18,30,136],"often":[19],"used":[20],"to":[21,33,39,97],"transform":[22],"the":[23,34,40,55,70,116,127],"test":[24,49,78],"into":[26],"different":[27],"versions":[28],"that":[29],"hopefully":[31],"closer":[32],"training":[35],"domain.":[36],"However,":[37],"due":[38],"diversity":[41],"of":[42],"instance":[43],"scale":[44,73],"and":[45,74,107,121,134],"styles,":[46],"many":[47],"augmented":[48],"images":[50],"produce":[51],"undesirable":[52],"results,":[53],"lowering":[54],"overall":[56],"performance.":[57],"This":[58],"work":[59],"proposes":[60],"a":[61,82,99],"new":[62],"TTA":[63],"framework,":[64],"S<sup":[65,88,110],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[66,89,111],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3</sup>-TTA,":[67],"which":[68],"selects":[69],"suitable":[71],"style":[75],"each":[77],"based":[80],"on":[81],"transformation":[83],"consistency":[84],"metric.":[85],"In":[86],"addition,":[87],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3</sup>-TTA":[90,112],"constructs":[91],"an":[92],"end-to-end":[93],"augmentation-segmentation":[94],"joint-training":[95],"pipeline":[96],"ensure":[98],"task-oriented":[100],"augmentation.":[101],"On":[102],"public":[103],"benchmarks":[104],"cell":[106],"lung":[108],"segmentation,":[109],"demonstrates":[113],"improvements":[114],"over":[115],"prior":[117],"art":[118],"by":[119,124],"3.4%":[120],"1.3%,":[122],"respectively,":[123],"simply":[125],"augmenting":[126],"input":[128],"data":[129],"testing":[131],"phase.":[132],"Code":[133],"available":[137],"at":[138],"https://github.com/kangxian97/S3-TTA.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
