{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401749585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635642","title":"Weakly Supervised Localisation of Prostate Cancer Using Reinforcement Learning for Bi-Parametric MR Images","display_name":"Weakly Supervised Localisation of Prostate Cancer Using Reinforcement Learning for Bi-Parametric MR Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401749585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093984840","display_name":"Martynas Pocius","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martynas Pocius","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100700428","display_name":"Yan Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-5994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066703217","display_name":"Dean C. Barratt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2916-655X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dean C. Barratt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083172675","display_name":"Mark Emberton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4230-0338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Emberton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001311980","display_name":"Matthew J. Clarkson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew J. Clarkson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032309114","display_name":"Yipeng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4902-0486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yipeng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003506709","display_name":"Shaheer U. Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-0663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaheer U. Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London,Centre for Medical Image Computing and Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5259,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68300985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7482703924179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.6508516073226929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5640836954116821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5626912117004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-cancer","display_name":"Prostate cancer","score":0.5586517453193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate","display_name":"Prostate","score":0.5042763948440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4297168254852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.4141084551811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32140591740608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.19007879495620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15680530667304993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.08466535806655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08427315950393677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7482703924179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.6508516073226929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5640836954116821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5626912117004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.5586517453193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostate","level":3,"score":0.5042763948440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4297168254852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4141084551811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32140591740608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19007879495620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15680530667304993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08466535806655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08427315950393677}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi56570.2024.10635642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319985","display_name":"Cancer Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/054225q67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009831294","https://openalex.org/W2018779708","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2248800885","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2775469102","https://openalex.org/W2801761532","https://openalex.org/W2845468986","https://openalex.org/W2901859788","https://openalex.org/W2904234367","https://openalex.org/W2914806156","https://openalex.org/W2946147212","https://openalex.org/W2975583675","https://openalex.org/W2995218128","https://openalex.org/W3010074876","https://openalex.org/W3059159028","https://openalex.org/W3101285135","https://openalex.org/W3110904741","https://openalex.org/W3112635222","https://openalex.org/W3162420793","https://openalex.org/W3174508405","https://openalex.org/W3204462902","https://openalex.org/W4312265454","https://openalex.org/W4377004358","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6767887823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W3015759778","https://openalex.org/W2088520467","https://openalex.org/W2075763133","https://openalex.org/W2376423713","https://openalex.org/W1583600832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,16,29,40,102,109,133],"reinforcement":[6],"learning":[7,127,145],"based":[8],"weakly":[9,128],"supervised":[10,94,129,135],"system":[11],"for":[12,92,101,157],"localisation.":[13,95],"We":[14,96],"train":[15],"controller":[17,60],"function":[18],"to":[19,80,122,132,149],"localise":[20],"regions":[21],"of":[22,61,69,104,112,118],"interest":[23],"within":[24],"an":[25,73,76],"image":[26,51,71],"by":[27,39,65],"introducing":[28],"novel":[30],"reward":[31],"definition":[32],"that":[33,138],"utilises":[34],"non-binarised":[35],"classification":[36,155],"probability,":[37],"generated":[38],"pre-trained":[41],"binary":[42],"classifier":[43,55],"which":[44],"classifies":[45],"object":[46],"presence":[47],"in":[48],"images":[49,117],"or":[50,85],"crops.":[52],"The":[53],"object-presence":[54],"may":[56],"then":[57],"inform":[58],"the":[59,67,70,119,123,143],"its":[62],"localisation":[63,107,130],"quality":[64],"quantifying":[66],"likelihood":[68],"containing":[72],"object.":[74],"Such":[75],"approach":[77,100],"allows":[78],"us":[79],"minimize":[81],"any":[82],"potential":[83],"labelling":[84,91],"human":[86,90],"bias":[87],"propagated":[88],"via":[89],"fully":[93,134],"evaluate":[97],"our":[98,139],"proposed":[99,140],"task":[103],"cancerous":[105],"lesion":[106],"on":[108],"large":[110],"dataset":[111],"real":[113],"clinical":[114],"bi-parametric":[115],"MR":[116],"prostate.":[120],"Comparisons":[121],"commonly":[124],"used":[125],"multiple-instance":[126],"and":[131,146],"baseline":[136],"show":[137],"method":[141],"outperforms":[142],"multi-instance":[144],"performs":[147],"comparably":[148],"fully-supervised":[150],"learning,":[151],"using":[152],"only":[153],"image-level":[154],"labels":[156],"training.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
