{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386350449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi53787.2023.10230654","title":"Transformer-based Characterization of Breast Lesions in Handheld Ultrasound Images WITH Classification Inconsistency Measure","display_name":"Transformer-based Characterization of Breast Lesions in Handheld Ultrasound Images WITH Classification Inconsistency Measure","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386350449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi53787.2023.10230654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi53787.2023.10230654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi53787.2023.10230654","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103142418","display_name":"Grigorios M. Karageorgos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0528-7798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134512","display_name":"GE Global Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e06qt98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grigorios M. Karageorgos","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Research,Niskayuna,NY,USA","GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Research,Niskayuna,NY,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005907108","display_name":"John Karigiannis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8921-1915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134512","display_name":"GE Global Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e06qt98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Karigiannis","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Research,Niskayuna,NY,USA","GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Research,Niskayuna,NY,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034373204","display_name":"Cynthia L. Davis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134512","display_name":"GE Global Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e06qt98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Research,Niskayuna,NY,USA","GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Research,Niskayuna,NY,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057336608","display_name":"Soumya Ghose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-1482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134512","display_name":"GE Global Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e06qt98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumya Ghose","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Research,Niskayuna,NY,USA","GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Research,Niskayuna,NY,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038542004","display_name":"Jhimli Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-7210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134512","display_name":"GE Global Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03e06qt98","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jhimli Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Research,Niskayuna,NY,USA","GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Research,Niskayuna,NY,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134512"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.110703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.7022210359573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-ultrasound","display_name":"Breast ultrasound","score":0.581493616104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5408708453178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.5308229327201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5290706753730774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5231812596321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.49351656436920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-screening","display_name":"Breast cancer screening","score":0.4555056095123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-imaging","display_name":"Breast imaging","score":0.4498511850833893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4104776978492737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.36589890718460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.3449815511703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2434282898902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"Mammography","score":0.23026853799819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.15730682015419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.08511456847190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0829133689403534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.7022210359573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777423100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1888238","display_name":"Breast ultrasound","level":5,"score":0.581493616104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5408708453178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.5308229327201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5290706753730774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5231812596321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.49351656436920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778491387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17011492","display_name":"Breast cancer screening","level":5,"score":0.4555056095123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777432617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22905905","display_name":"Breast imaging","level":5,"score":0.4498511850833893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4104776978492737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.36589890718460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3449815511703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2434282898902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.23026853799819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.15730682015419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08511456847190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0829133689403534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi53787.2023.10230654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi53787.2023.10230654","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338440","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Health","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W582134693","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2336769953","https://openalex.org/W2587661699","https://openalex.org/W2613776824","https://openalex.org/W2740028789","https://openalex.org/W2888988439","https://openalex.org/W2889646458","https://openalex.org/W2955429674","https://openalex.org/W2970196304","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3212106213","https://openalex.org/W4294975187","https://openalex.org/W4310502382","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6617145748","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6784333009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2074765259","https://openalex.org/W2407173965","https://openalex.org/W2488824286","https://openalex.org/W4388187645","https://openalex.org/W2366255134","https://openalex.org/W2106039119","https://openalex.org/W2330711938","https://openalex.org/W3092582177","https://openalex.org/W4323921180","https://openalex.org/W4211227495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultrasound":[0],"imaging":[1],"combined":[2],"with":[3,131],"computer":[4],"aided":[5],"diagnosis":[6,142],"methods":[7],"has":[8],"shown":[9],"promise":[10],"in":[11,19,39,139,147],"improving":[12],"the":[13,53,60,63,81,106,132],"availability":[14],"of":[15,62,120],"breast":[16,40,68,140],"cancer":[17,141],"screening":[18],"low-and-middle-":[20],"income":[21],"countries.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"study,":[25],"we":[26],"employ":[27],"a":[28,45,51,66,75],"vision":[29],"transformer-based":[30],"architecture":[31],"to":[32,86,95,124,137],"discriminate":[33],"between":[34],"benign":[35],"and":[36,78,89,97],"malignant":[37],"lesions":[38],"ultrasound":[41,69,145],"images":[42],"obtained":[43],"through":[44],"handheld":[46],"device.":[47],"We":[48],"further":[49],"introduce":[50],"metric,":[52],"classification":[54],"inconsistency":[55],"rate":[56],"(CIR),":[57],"that":[58,113],"quantifies":[59],"uncertainty":[61,133],"model":[64,73,130],"for":[65],"queried":[67],"image.":[70],"The":[71,128],"trained":[72,129],"provided":[74],"test":[76,111],"accuracy":[77],"area":[79],"under":[80],"ROC":[82],"curve":[83],"(AUC)":[84],"equal":[85],"89.3":[87],"%":[88],"0.95,":[90],"respectively.":[91],"These":[92],"metrics":[93],"increased":[94],"94.4%":[96],"0.96,":[98],"respectively,":[99],"by":[100],"excluding":[101],"uncertain":[102],"predictions":[103,115,126],"based":[104],"on":[105],"CIR":[107],"values.":[108],"Fisher":[109],"exact":[110],"indicated":[112],"false":[114],"had":[116],"significantly":[117],"higher":[118],"probability":[119],"providing":[121],"CIR>0,":[122],"compared":[123],"true":[125],"(p-value<0.00001).":[127],"measure,":[134],"are":[135],"expected":[136],"assist":[138],"using":[143],"portable":[144],"scanners":[146],"remote":[148],"settings.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}