{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2960805141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2019.8759280","title":"End-To-End Vertebra Localization and Level Detection in Weakly Labelled 3D Spinal Mr using Cascaded Neural Networks","display_name":"End-To-End Vertebra Localization and Level Detection in Weakly Labelled 3D Spinal Mr using Cascaded Neural Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2960805141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2019.8759280","mag":"2960805141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi.2019.8759280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2019.8759280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006974602","display_name":"Tom van Sonsbeek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom van Sonsbeek","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015707362","display_name":"Pardiss Danaei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pardiss Danaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084132369","display_name":"Delaram Behnami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Delaram Behnami","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028097570","display_name":"Mohammad H. Jafari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6380-5020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Hossein Jafari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036065772","display_name":"Parisa Asgharzadeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parisa Asgharzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088844445","display_name":"Robert Rohling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-8147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Rohling","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023095072","display_name":"Purang Abolmaesumi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7259-8609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Purang Abolmaesumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9775,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70272647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9415","issue":null,"first_page":"1178","last_page":"1182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sagittal-plane","display_name":"Sagittal plane","score":0.7708462476730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centroid","display_name":"Centroid","score":0.7061939835548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.689276397228241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertebra","display_name":"Vertebra","score":0.6879467964172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6337552070617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5824112296104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5135891437530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49764588475227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.46904927492141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4342584013938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37926051020622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.15602010488510132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08763158321380615}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178910020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2211994","display_name":"Sagittal plane","level":2,"score":0.7708462476730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.7061939835548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.689276397228241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180323","display_name":"Vertebra","level":2,"score":0.6879467964172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6337552070617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5824112296104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5135891437530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49764588475227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.46904927492141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4342584013938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37926051020622253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.15602010488510132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08763158321380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi.2019.8759280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2019.8759280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2019)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184565980","https://openalex.org/W1950915640","https://openalex.org/W2023667179","https://openalex.org/W2140638732","https://openalex.org/W2395197407","https://openalex.org/W2402907716","https://openalex.org/W2597163714","https://openalex.org/W2616429486","https://openalex.org/W2744119431","https://openalex.org/W2751809542","https://openalex.org/W2952939839","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W4231570462","https://openalex.org/W6764400669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381926679","https://openalex.org/W2007009951","https://openalex.org/W2082644203","https://openalex.org/W2350539780","https://openalex.org/W3165040664","https://openalex.org/W3122652148","https://openalex.org/W1583866266","https://openalex.org/W4322751534","https://openalex.org/W2411518164","https://openalex.org/W2263075580"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Localization":[0],"and":[1,16,29,49,80,112],"identification":[2,48,145],"of":[3,18,41,51,60,74,85,114,132,147],"vertebrae":[4],"in":[5],"3D":[6,62],"MR":[7],"volumes":[8,64],"is":[9,91],"a":[10,36,98,125,143],"crucial":[11],"first":[12,54],"step":[13],"for":[14,109,136],"diagnosis":[15],"management":[17],"spinal":[19],"conditions.":[20],"Automating":[21],"this":[22,32,141],"process":[23],"can":[24],"save":[25],"radiologists":[26],"significant":[27],"time":[28],"clicks.":[30],"In":[31],"paper,":[33],"we":[34],"propose":[35],"novel":[37],"learning-based":[38],"approach":[39],"consisting":[40],"two":[42],"cascaded":[43],"networks":[44],"that":[45,70],"perform":[46],"simultaneous":[47],"localization":[50,113],"vertebrae.":[52,87,116],"The":[53,88],"network":[55,108],"performs":[56],"slice-based":[57],"level":[58],"detection":[59],"full":[61],"sagittal":[63,89],"using":[65],"an":[66,130],"adaptive":[67],"loss":[68,76],"function":[69],"adjusts":[71],"the":[72,106,115,133],"weights":[73],"its":[75],"terms":[77],"during":[78],"training,":[79],"outputs":[81],"estimated":[82],"center":[83],"slices":[84],"each":[86,96],"slice":[90],"then":[92,128],"divided":[93],"into":[94,105],"sub-volumes":[95,102],"containing":[97],"single":[99],"vertebra.":[100],"These":[101],"are":[103],"inputted":[104],"second":[107],"binary":[110],"classification":[111],"Our":[117],"method":[118],"only":[119],"requires":[120],"centroid":[121],"annotation":[122],"(performed":[123],"manually),":[124],"statistical":[126],"model":[127],"provides":[129],"approximation":[131],"volumetric":[134],"segmentation":[135],"ground":[137],"truth":[138],"data.":[139],"With":[140],"method,":[142],"vertebra":[144],"rate":[146],"82%":[148],"was":[149],"achieved.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
