{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2594258169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2017.7950492","title":"The importance of stain normalization in colorectal tissue classification with convolutional networks","display_name":"The importance of stain normalization in colorectal tissue classification with convolutional networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2594258169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2017.7950492","mag":"2594258169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi.2017.7950492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2017.7950492","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2017)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002905948","display_name":"Francesco Ciompi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8327-9606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Ciompi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058507207","display_name":"Oscar Geessink","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8114-3852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165844","display_name":"Ontwikkelingsmaatschappij Oost Nederland","ror":"https://ror.org/05vq5je50","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165844"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Geessink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands","Laboratorium Pathologie Oost Nederland, Hengelo, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratorium Pathologie Oost Nederland, Hengelo, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165844"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055531734","display_name":"Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6258-5687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030025944","display_name":"Gabriel Silva de Souza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Silva de Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065631445","display_name":"Alexi Baidoshvili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-5867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165844","display_name":"Ontwikkelingsmaatschappij Oost Nederland","ror":"https://ror.org/05vq5je50","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165844"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexi Baidoshvili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratorium Pathologie Oost Nederland, Hengelo, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratorium Pathologie Oost Nederland, Hengelo, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165844"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055697525","display_name":"Geert Litjens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-1291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geert Litjens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042982766","display_name":"Bram van Ginneken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2028-8972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bram van Ginneken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046706345","display_name":"Ir\u0131s D. Nagtegaal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0887-4127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iris Nagtegaal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081003438","display_name":"Jeroen van der Laak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7982-0754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeroen van der Laak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002905948"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.669,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":192,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99320244,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"160","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stain","display_name":"Stain","score":0.6900197863578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer","display_name":"Colorectal cancer","score":0.6517474055290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-e-stain","display_name":"H&E stain","score":0.615494430065155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6098296046257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histopathology","display_name":"Histopathology","score":0.5578358769416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5486557483673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5062688589096069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-pathology","display_name":"Digital pathology","score":0.5041004419326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.4815371632575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4127552807331085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.38637447357177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.24038970470428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunohistochemistry","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","score":0.1595860719680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staining","display_name":"Staining","score":0.1395774483680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.13678714632987976}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781294515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2733470","display_name":"Stain","level":3,"score":0.6900197863578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526805850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874","display_name":"Colorectal cancer","level":3,"score":0.6517474055290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125473707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9914","display_name":"H&E stain","level":3,"score":0.615494430065155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6098296046257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544855455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070952","display_name":"Histopathology","level":2,"score":0.5578358769416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5486557483673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5062688589096069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276128","display_name":"Digital pathology","level":2,"score":0.5041004419326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.4815371632575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4127552807331085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38637447357177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.24038970470428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.1595860719680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74864618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2332446","display_name":"Staining","level":2,"score":0.1395774483680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.13678714632987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi.2017.7950492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2017.7950492","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2017)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2029869458","https://openalex.org/W2057114171","https://openalex.org/W2115320363","https://openalex.org/W2132162500","https://openalex.org/W2264887978","https://openalex.org/W2435090885","https://openalex.org/W2919115771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311305828","https://openalex.org/W4384826841","https://openalex.org/W4310665281","https://openalex.org/W4390098721","https://openalex.org/W2063882352","https://openalex.org/W62528080","https://openalex.org/W2043744435","https://openalex.org/W2193165651","https://openalex.org/W2015326638","https://openalex.org/W2138378837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"development":[1],"of":[2,9,27,55,61,73,78,89],"reliable":[3],"imaging":[4],"biomarkers":[5],"for":[6,42],"the":[7,28,33,53,71],"analysis":[8],"colorectal":[10,90],"cancer":[11,80],"(CRC)":[12],"in":[13,32,58,65],"hematoxylin":[14],"and":[15,24,82],"eosin":[16],"(H&E)":[17],"stained":[18],"histopathology":[19],"images":[20],"requires":[21],"an":[22,84],"accurate":[23],"reproducible":[25],"classification":[26,45,60],"main":[29],"tissue":[30,44,59,63],"components":[31],"image.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"we":[38,69],"propose":[39],"a":[40,76],"system":[41],"CRC":[43,62],"based":[46],"on":[47,75,83],"convolutional":[48],"networks":[49],"(ConvNets).":[50],"We":[51],"investigate":[52],"importance":[54],"stain":[56],"normalization":[57],"samples":[64,81],"H&E-stained":[66],"images.":[67,92],"Furthermore,":[68],"report":[70],"performance":[72],"ConvNets":[74],"cohort":[77],"rectal":[79],"independent":[85],"publicly":[86],"available":[87],"dataset":[88],"H&E":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-23T09:07:50.710637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
