{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1516595210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2015.7163869","title":"Off-the-shelf convolutional neural network features for pulmonary nodule detection in computed tomography scans","display_name":"Off-the-shelf convolutional neural network features for pulmonary nodule detection in computed tomography scans","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1516595210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2015.7163869","mag":"1516595210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi.2015.7163869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2015.7163869","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042982766","display_name":"Bram van Ginneken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2028-8972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bram van Ginneken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083631804","display_name":"Arnaud A. A. Setio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-4434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnaud A. A. Setio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020018643","display_name":"Colin Jacobs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1180-3805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin Jacobs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002905948","display_name":"Francesco Ciompi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8327-9606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Ciompi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":120.4135,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":282,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99957301,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"286","last_page":"289"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8222695589065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7663254141807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7539609670639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6386750936508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nodule","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","score":0.5811493992805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5374918580055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49692824482917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4797614514827728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"Computed tomography","score":0.4572455883026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43577536940574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41933003067970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.15394550561904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.06392103433609009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8222695589065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7663254141807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7539609670639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6386750936508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776731575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916245","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5811493992805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5374918580055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49692824482917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4797614514827728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.4572455883026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43577536940574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41933003067970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.15394550561904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06392103433609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi.2015.7163869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2015.7163869","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 12th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130099911","https://openalex.org/W317170363","https://openalex.org/W2062118960","https://openalex.org/W2105478370","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2118858186","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164160732","https://openalex.org/W2167896953","https://openalex.org/W2953391683","https://openalex.org/W2963542991","https://openalex.org/W3105950366","https://openalex.org/W6629368666","https://openalex.org/W6666023844","https://openalex.org/W6677919164","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W1964806738","https://openalex.org/W148178222","https://openalex.org/W4243779904","https://openalex.org/W2104657898","https://openalex.org/W1948992892","https://openalex.org/W1886884218","https://openalex.org/W3185156046","https://openalex.org/W2922305141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2,42],"(CNNs)":[3],"have":[4,168],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,142,144],"the":[7,36,41,50,76,114,133,145],"most":[8],"powerful":[9],"technique":[10],"for":[11,32,39,58,64,105,129,174],"a":[12,92],"range":[13],"of":[14,117],"different":[15],"tasks":[16,34,176],"in":[17,61,67,177],"computer":[18],"vision.":[19],"Recent":[20],"work":[21,47],"suggested":[22],"that":[23,132,165],"CNN":[24,135,166],"features":[25,51,112,136,167],"are":[26,89,152,157],"generic":[27],"and":[28,102,109,119],"can":[29],"be":[30,172],"used":[31,173],"classification":[33],"outside":[35],"exact":[37],"domain":[38],"which":[40],"were":[43],"trained.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"we":[48],"use":[49,72],"from":[52,75,113],"one":[53],"such":[54],"network,":[55],"OverFeat,":[56],"trained":[57],"object":[59],"detection":[60,66,95,147,175],"natural":[62],"images,":[63],"nodule":[65,94,107],"computed":[68],"tomography":[69],"scans.":[70],"We":[71,97,127,163],"865":[73],"scans":[74],"publicly":[77],"available":[78],"LIDC":[79],"data":[80],"set,":[81],"read":[82],"by":[83,91],"four":[84],"thoracic":[85],"radiologists.":[86],"Nodule":[87],"candidates":[88],"generated":[90],"state-of-the-art":[93],"system.":[96,148],"extract":[98,110],"2D":[99],"sagittal,":[100],"coronal":[101],"axial":[103],"patches":[104],"each":[106],"candidate":[108],"4096":[111],"penultimate":[115],"layer":[116],"OverFeat":[118],"classify":[120],"these":[121],"with":[122],"linear":[123],"support":[124],"vector":[125],"machines.":[126],"show":[128],"various":[130],"configurations":[131],"off-the-shelf":[134],"perform":[137],"surprisingly":[138],"well,":[139],"but":[140],"not":[141],"good":[143],"dedicated":[146],"When":[149],"both":[150],"approaches":[151],"combined,":[153],"significantly":[154],"better":[155],"results":[156],"obtained":[158],"than":[159],"either":[160],"approach":[161],"alone.":[162],"conclude":[164],"great":[169],"potential":[170],"to":[171],"volumetric":[178],"medical":[179],"data.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
