{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055900989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2009.5193069","title":"Detection performance analysis for time-of-flight PET","display_name":"Detection performance analysis for time-of-flight PET","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055900989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2009.5193069","mag":"2055900989","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20936051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi.2009.5193069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2009.5193069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043083481","display_name":"N. Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nannan Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, 95616, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, 95616, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111780456","display_name":"R.H. Huesman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald H. Huesman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA 94720, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111383443","display_name":"W.W. Moses","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William W. Moses","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA 94720, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010514255","display_name":"Jinyi Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-0322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyi Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, 95616, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, 95616, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1768","issue":null,"first_page":"402","last_page":"405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-flight","display_name":"Time of flight","score":0.7871915102005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6169344782829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.6007669568061829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-a-posteriori-estimation","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","score":0.5894112586975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5748339295387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channelized","display_name":"Channelized","score":0.47753846645355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45178091526031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.4363328218460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.42914900183677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4187052845954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positron-emission-tomography","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","score":0.4108661413192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25125008821487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.24791240692138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1733464002609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16469049453735352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15084519982337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.12991636991500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.07442665100097656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98960154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3983322","display_name":"Time of flight","level":2,"score":0.7871915102005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6169344782829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.6007669568061829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9810830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635384","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","level":3,"score":0.5894112586975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5748339295387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51889082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072521","display_name":"Channelized","level":2,"score":0.47753846645355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45178091526031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4363328218460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.42914900183677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4187052845954895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775842073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208376","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","level":2,"score":0.4108661413192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25125008821487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.24791240692138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1733464002609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16469049453735352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15084519982337952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.12991636991500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.07442665100097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbi.2009.5193069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2009.5193069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:20936051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20936051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2034321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2951602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4905836297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 EB006085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971724710","https://openalex.org/W1976285425","https://openalex.org/W2006429605","https://openalex.org/W2045810654","https://openalex.org/W2059842805","https://openalex.org/W2068668125","https://openalex.org/W2072892285","https://openalex.org/W2090501225","https://openalex.org/W2097704405","https://openalex.org/W2098217486","https://openalex.org/W2101341376","https://openalex.org/W2112155856","https://openalex.org/W2112276316","https://openalex.org/W2113489922","https://openalex.org/W2117863806","https://openalex.org/W2118749155","https://openalex.org/W2121570028","https://openalex.org/W2121844714","https://openalex.org/W2130040053","https://openalex.org/W2143402619","https://openalex.org/W2148488773","https://openalex.org/W2162308311","https://openalex.org/W2163610344","https://openalex.org/W2170520519","https://openalex.org/W2170712728","https://openalex.org/W2545495230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358732122","https://openalex.org/W2365358419","https://openalex.org/W2978079700","https://openalex.org/W2373037463","https://openalex.org/W2998321762","https://openalex.org/W2131470200","https://openalex.org/W2068668125","https://openalex.org/W2150865841","https://openalex.org/W2138865713","https://openalex.org/W2169353922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,35,45,70,74,87,96,112,121,128],"performance":[6],"of":[7,24,135],"time-of-flight":[8],"(TOF)":[9],"PET":[10,40,91,101],"in":[11],"improving":[12],"lesion":[13,22,125],"detectability.":[14],"We":[15,61,93],"present":[16],"a":[17,55,57,63],"theoretical":[18,36,113],"approach":[19],"to":[20,33,68],"compare":[21],"detectability":[23,126],"TOF":[25,39,88,100,122],"versus":[26],"non-TOF":[27,90],"systems.":[28,92],"Computer":[29],"simulations":[30],"are":[31,49,84],"performed":[32],"validate":[34],"predictions.":[37],"A":[38],"tomograph":[41],"is":[42,130],"simulated":[43],"using":[44,54],"SimSET":[46],"software.":[47],"Images":[48],"reconstructed":[50],"from":[51],"list-mode":[52],"data":[53],"maximum":[56],"posteriori":[58],"(MAP)":[59],"method.":[60],"use":[62],"channelized":[64],"Hotelling":[65],"observer":[66],"(CHO)":[67],"assess":[69],"detection":[71],"performance.":[72],"Both":[73,117],"receiver":[75],"operating":[76],"characteristic":[77],"(ROC)":[78],"and":[79,89,105,127,137],"localization":[80],"ROC":[81],"(LROC)":[82],"curves":[83],"compared":[85],"for":[86,99],"also":[94],"study":[95],"SNR":[97],"gains":[98],"with":[102,111,132],"different":[103],"scatter":[104],"random":[106],"fractions.":[107],"Simulation":[108],"results":[109,118],"match":[110],"predictions":[114],"very":[115],"well.":[116],"show":[119],"that":[120],"information":[123],"improves":[124],"improvement":[129],"greater":[131],"larger":[133],"fractions":[134],"randoms":[136],"scatters.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
