{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081590797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbast.2014.7013097","title":"A general review of human face detection including a study of neural networks and Haar feature-based cascade classifier in face detection","display_name":"A general review of human face detection including a study of neural networks and Haar feature-based cascade classifier in face detection","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081590797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbast.2014.7013097","mag":"2081590797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbast.2014.7013097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbast.2014.7013097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Symposium on Biometrics and Security Technologies (ISBAST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066558411","display_name":"Ali Sharifara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Sharifara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computing Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia","Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computing Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085108752","display_name":"Mohd Shafry Mohd Rahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-2008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Shafry Mohd Rahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computing Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia","Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computing Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060953990","display_name":"Yasaman Anisi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasaman Anisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computing Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia","Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computing Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia, Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2364,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95532962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"73","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.8305426836013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.78798508644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7837375402450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haar-like-features","display_name":"Haar-like features","score":0.7436923980712891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-class-detection","display_name":"Object-class detection","score":0.7090147733688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6482499837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6396821737289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.5931757688522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5855124592781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5628519058227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5614491701126099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5219825506210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45923906564712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4565657079219818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.8305426836013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.78798508644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7837375402450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123134398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493819","display_name":"Haar-like features","level":5,"score":0.7436923980712891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71681937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object-class detection","level":5,"score":0.7090147733688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6482499837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6396821737289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.5931757688522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5855124592781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5628519058227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5614491701126099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5219825506210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45923906564712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4565657079219818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isbast.2014.7013097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isbast.2014.7013097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Symposium on Biometrics and Security Technologies (ISBAST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536245433","https://openalex.org/W1975781450","https://openalex.org/W2022494906","https://openalex.org/W2079201950","https://openalex.org/W2107457018","https://openalex.org/W2114150335","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2123551136","https://openalex.org/W2123760138","https://openalex.org/W2132118316","https://openalex.org/W2143937453","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2170573762","https://openalex.org/W2217896605","https://openalex.org/W2288285846","https://openalex.org/W2292321653","https://openalex.org/W2535129363","https://openalex.org/W6632213196","https://openalex.org/W6670457342","https://openalex.org/W6677900936","https://openalex.org/W6696512598","https://openalex.org/W6696578884","https://openalex.org/W6728832084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2431444032","https://openalex.org/W3009637957","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W4385451546","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W3187748155","https://openalex.org/W3120810947","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W3006189187","https://openalex.org/W4308999963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"detection":[1,54,64,98],"is":[2,22,32,90],"an":[3,93],"interesting":[4],"area":[5],"in":[6,28,36,45,59,80],"research":[7],"application":[8],"of":[9,43,48,76,87,96,113],"computer":[10,60],"vision":[11],"and":[12,72,104],"pattern":[13],"recognition,":[14],"especially":[15,79],"during":[16],"the":[17,33,46,52,74,108,111,131],"past":[18],"several":[19],"years.":[20],"It":[21],"also":[23,122],"plays":[24],"a":[25,56],"vital":[26],"role":[27],"surveillance":[29],"systems":[30,65],"which":[31],"first":[34],"steps":[35],"face":[37,53,63,78,97],"recognition":[38],"systems.":[39],"The":[40,62,84],"high":[41],"degree":[42],"variation":[44],"appearance":[47],"human":[49],"faces":[50],"causes":[51],"as":[55],"complex":[57,81],"problem":[58],"vision.":[61],"aimed":[66],"to":[67,91],"decrease":[68],"false":[69],"positive":[70],"rate":[71],"increase":[73],"accuracy":[75],"detecting":[77],"background":[82],"images.":[83],"main":[85],"aim":[86],"this":[88,124],"paper":[89,125],"present":[92],"up-to-date":[94],"review":[95],"methods":[99],"including":[100],"feature-based,":[101],"appearance-based,":[102],"knowledge-based":[103],"template":[105],"matching.":[106],"Also,":[107],"study":[109],"presents":[110],"effect":[112],"applying":[114],"Haar-like":[115],"features":[116],"along":[117],"with":[118,126],"neural":[119],"networks.":[120],"We":[121],"conclude":[123],"some":[127],"discussions":[128],"on":[129],"how":[130],"work":[132],"can":[133],"be":[134],"taken":[135],"further.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}