{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2790695815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isba.2018.8311455","title":"Robust gender classification using extended multi-spectral imaging by exploring the spectral angle mapper","display_name":"Robust gender classification using extended multi-spectral imaging by exploring the spectral angle mapper","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2790695815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isba.2018.8311455","mag":"2790695815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isba.2018.8311455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isba.2018.8311455","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 4th International Conference on Identity, Security, and Behavior Analysis (ISBA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R. Raghavendra","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Raghavendra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory, NTNU, G\u00f8vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory, NTNU, G\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063081359","display_name":"Narayan Vetrekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-6163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140887281","display_name":"Goa University","ror":"https://ror.org/030reqw53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140887281"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narayan Vetrekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of Goa, India","Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory, NTNU, G\u00f8vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of Goa, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140887281"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory, NTNU, G\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089066381","display_name":"Kiran Raja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-5161"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiran B. Raja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory, NTNU, G\u00f8vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory, NTNU, G\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041279191","display_name":"R. S. Gad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4575-0510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140887281","display_name":"Goa University","ror":"https://ror.org/030reqw53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140887281"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. S. Gad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of Goa, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of Goa, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140887281"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017716310","display_name":"Christoph Busch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-2923"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Busch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory, NTNU, G\u00f8vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Biometrics Laboratory, NTNU, G\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77019612,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9675999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6629189848899841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6263464689254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6247577667236328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6103838086128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5831486582756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5050080418586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-shape-analysis","display_name":"Spectral shape analysis","score":0.49580249190330505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-imaging","display_name":"Spectral imaging","score":0.49421098828315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.48328784108161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.45426836609840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stellar-classification","display_name":"Stellar classification","score":0.4208031892776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4148370623588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35001903772354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.33246108889579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-line","display_name":"Spectral line","score":0.2903117835521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2625918984413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1265527307987213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10300511121749878}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6629189848899841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6263464689254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6247577667236328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6103838086128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5831486582756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5050080418586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152822103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575207","display_name":"Spectral shape analysis","level":3,"score":0.49580249190330505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3232514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575196","display_name":"Spectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.49421098828315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48328784108161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.45426836609840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180690934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25377588","display_name":"Stellar classification","level":3,"score":0.4208031892776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4148370623588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35001903772354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.33246108889579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.2903117835521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2625918984413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1265527307987213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10300511121749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isba.2018.8311455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isba.2018.8311455","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 4th International Conference on Identity, Security, and Behavior Analysis (ISBA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W302394847","https://openalex.org/W1905153633","https://openalex.org/W2010319424","https://openalex.org/W2023161323","https://openalex.org/W2024976249","https://openalex.org/W2047508432","https://openalex.org/W2078442006","https://openalex.org/W2083711338","https://openalex.org/W2119486225","https://openalex.org/W2129718289","https://openalex.org/W2134803540","https://openalex.org/W2168696847","https://openalex.org/W2185531897","https://openalex.org/W2517157101","https://openalex.org/W2548340823","https://openalex.org/W2554774301","https://openalex.org/W2565085068","https://openalex.org/W6662335928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213351544","https://openalex.org/W1534476268","https://openalex.org/W4205409874","https://openalex.org/W4229522280","https://openalex.org/W4239118049","https://openalex.org/W1978557618","https://openalex.org/W40407122","https://openalex.org/W2017362239","https://openalex.org/W3025983461","https://openalex.org/W3131982323"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gender":[0],"classification":[1,34,110],"based":[2,49],"on":[3,50,121],"the":[4,12,25,32,37,41,51,60,64,72,107,115,118,122],"facial":[5],"characteristic,":[6],"has":[7],"been":[8],"widely":[9],"studied":[10],"in":[11,99],"literature":[13],"across":[14,63],"visible":[15],"and":[16],"near":[17],"infrared":[18],"spectrum.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"we":[23],"explore":[24],"applicability":[26,116],"of":[27,40,80,112,117],"extended":[28,123],"multi-spectral":[29,65,89,124],"imaging":[30],"for":[31,127],"gender":[33,129],"by":[35],"quantifying":[36],"photometric":[38],"property":[39],"captured":[42],"image.":[43],"We":[44],"proposed":[45,119],"a":[46,86],"novel":[47],"scheme":[48],"Spectral":[52],"Angle":[53],"Mapper":[54],"(SAM)":[55],"that":[56,67],"can":[57],"effectively":[58],"capture":[59],"spectral":[61],"information":[62],"bands":[66],"is":[68],"further":[69],"classified":[70],"using":[71,85],"linear":[73],"Support":[74],"Vector":[75],"Machine":[76],"(SVM).":[77],"Extensive":[78],"set":[79],"experiments":[81],"are":[82],"carried":[83],"out":[84],"newly":[87],"constructed":[88],"face":[90,125],"database":[91],"with":[92],"78300":[93],"samples":[94],"stemming":[95],"from":[96],"145":[97],"subjects":[98],"six":[100],"different":[101],"scenarios.":[102],"The":[103],"obtained":[104],"results":[105],"show":[106],"best":[108],"average":[109],"accuracy":[111],"93.51%,":[113],"signifying":[114],"approach":[120],"data":[126],"robust":[128],"classification.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
