{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417403516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/is264627.2025.11284671","title":"Real-Time Emergency Vehicle Siren Detection with Efficient CNNs on Embedded Hardware","display_name":"Real-Time Emergency Vehicle Siren Detection with Efficient CNNs on Embedded Hardware","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417403516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/is264627.2025.11284671"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/is264627.2025.11284671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/is264627.2025.11284671","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 6th International Symposium on the Internet of Sounds (IS2)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025654828","display_name":"Marco Giordano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1649-6085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Giordano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Mathematics (DISIM) University of L&#x2019;Aquila,Dpt. of Information Engineering,L&#x2019;Aquila,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Mathematics (DISIM) University of L&#x2019;Aquila,Dpt. of Information Engineering,L&#x2019;Aquila,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102711368","display_name":"Stefano Giacomelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-0924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Giacomelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Mathematics (DISIM) University of L&#x2019;Aquila,Dpt. of Information Engineering,L&#x2019;Aquila,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Mathematics (DISIM) University of L&#x2019;Aquila,Dpt. of Information Engineering,L&#x2019;Aquila,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008557705","display_name":"Claudia Rinaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1356-8151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Rinaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications (CNIT) University of L&#x2019;Aquila,L&#x2019;Aquila,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications (CNIT) University of L&#x2019;Aquila,L&#x2019;Aquila,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045356859","display_name":"Fabio Graziosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7808-0707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Graziosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Mathematics (DISIM) University of L&#x2019;Aquila,Dpt. of Information Engineering,L&#x2019;Aquila,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Mathematics (DISIM) University of L&#x2019;Aquila,Dpt. of Information Engineering,L&#x2019;Aquila,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025654828"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4449,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86727305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.17069999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.17069999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.14980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11692","display_name":"Noise Effects and Management","score":0.08070000261068344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6448000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5493999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siren","display_name":"Siren (mythology)","score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raspberry-pi","display_name":"Raspberry pi","score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.3521000146865845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7174999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6448000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.557699978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5493999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.46549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150986","display_name":"Siren (mythology)","level":2,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985745059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245","display_name":"Raspberry pi","level":3,"score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46743427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341685","display_name":"Inference engine","level":3,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779971919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378949","display_name":"Handset","level":2,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/is264627.2025.11284671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/is264627.2025.11284671","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 6th International Symposium on the Internet of Sounds (IS2)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038484192","https://openalex.org/W2052666245","https://openalex.org/W2591013610","https://openalex.org/W2900315145","https://openalex.org/W4205689591","https://openalex.org/W4210984894","https://openalex.org/W4387496790","https://openalex.org/W4389240720","https://openalex.org/W4400595251","https://openalex.org/W4411206088","https://openalex.org/W4416901552"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,24,60,77,83,88,99],"full-stack":[3],"emergency":[4,163],"vehicle":[5,164],"(EV)":[6],"siren":[7],"detection":[8,38,136],"system":[9,73,133],"designed":[10],"for":[11,34],"real-time":[12,112],"deployment":[13],"on":[14,22,76,173],"embedded":[15],"hardware.":[16],"The":[17],"proposed":[18],"approach":[19],"is":[20,46,74,119],"based":[21],"E2PANNs,":[23],"fine-tuned":[25],"convolutional":[26],"neural":[27],"network":[28],"derived":[29],"from":[30],"EPANNs,":[31],"and":[32,51,57,98,114,124],"optimized":[33],"binary":[35],"sound":[36],"event":[37],"under":[39,140],"urban":[40],"acoustic":[41,158],"conditions.":[42,143],"A":[43,107],"key":[44],"contribution":[45],"the":[47,66,132,147],"creation":[48],"of":[49,69,149],"curated":[50],"semantically":[52],"structured":[53],"datasets\u2014AudioSet-EV,":[54],"AudioSet-EV":[55],"Augmented,":[56],"Unified-EV\u2014developed":[58],"using":[59,121],"custom":[61],"AudioSet-Tools":[62],"framework":[63],"to":[64,102],"overcome":[65],"low":[67],"reliability":[68],"standard":[70],"AudioSet":[71],"annotations.The":[72],"deployed":[75],"Raspberry":[78],"Pi":[79],"5":[80],"equipped":[81],"with":[82,92,137],"high-fidelity":[84],"DAC+microphone":[85],"board,":[86],"implementing":[87],"multi-threaded":[89],"inference":[90],"engine":[91],"adaptive":[93],"frame":[94],"sizing,":[95],"probability":[96],"smoothing,":[97],"decision-state":[100],"machine":[101],"control":[103],"false":[104],"positive":[105],"activations.":[106],"remote":[108],"WebSocket":[109,171],"interface":[110],"provides":[111],"monitoring":[113,159],"facilitates":[115],"live":[116],"demonstration":[117],"capabilities.Performance":[118],"evaluated":[120],"both":[122],"framewise":[123],"event-based":[125],"metrics":[126],"across":[127,166],"multiple":[128],"configurations.":[129],"Results":[130],"show":[131],"achieves":[134],"low-latency":[135],"improved":[138],"robustness":[139],"realistic":[141],"audio":[142],"This":[144],"work":[145],"demonstrates":[146],"feasibility":[148],"deploying":[150],"IoS-compatible":[151],"SED":[152],"solutions":[153],"that":[154],"can":[155],"form":[156],"distributed":[157],"networks,":[160],"enabling":[161],"collaborative":[162],"tracking":[165],"smart":[167],"city":[168],"infrastructures":[169],"through":[170],"connectivity":[172],"low-cost":[174],"edge":[175],"devices.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-12-16T00:00:00"}
