{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944559718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/is.2018.8710460","title":"Self Learning in Flexible Manufacturing Units: A Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"Self Learning in Flexible Manufacturing Units: A Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944559718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/is.2018.8710460","mag":"2944559718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/is.2018.8710460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/is.2018.8710460","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Intelligent Systems (IS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002731863","display_name":"Dorothea Schwung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130920692","display_name":"South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5phd24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130920692"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dorothea Schwung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering, South Westfalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, South Westfalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130920692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076364620","display_name":"Jan Reimann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-5856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130920692","display_name":"South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5phd24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130920692"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Niklas Reimann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering, South Westfalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, South Westfalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130920692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025397538","display_name":"Andreas Schwung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8405-0977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130920692","display_name":"South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5phd24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130920692"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Schwung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering, South Westfalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, South Westfalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130920692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046071840","display_name":"Steven X. Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5149-5918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven X. Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Automation and Komplex Systems, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Automation and Komplex Systems, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002731863"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130920692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7293,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87998729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"31","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9596999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8240084648132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7185743451118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.7054605484008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6861035227775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5622161626815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisor","display_name":"Supervisor","score":0.5466674566268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5029701590538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.48434746265411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4732395112514496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.47032344341278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-and-play","display_name":"Plug and play","score":0.43006742000579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4079434275627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08711254596710205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8240084648132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7185743451118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.7054605484008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6861035227775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5622161626815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779110517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1240788","display_name":"Supervisor","level":2,"score":0.5466674566268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5029701590538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.48434746265411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4732395112514496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.47032344341278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780070844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857815","display_name":"Plug and play","level":2,"score":0.43006742000579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4079434275627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08711254596710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/is.2018.8710460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/is.2018.8710460","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Intelligent Systems (IS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bibliographie.ub.uni-due.de:ubo_mods_00133418","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IS.2018.8710460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055102","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsbibliographie, Universit\u00e4t Duisburg-Essen","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Buchaufsatz/Kapitel"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532096063","https://openalex.org/W1718306640","https://openalex.org/W1977982316","https://openalex.org/W2014839084","https://openalex.org/W2022185333","https://openalex.org/W2054940200","https://openalex.org/W2078214317","https://openalex.org/W2091118421","https://openalex.org/W2094387729","https://openalex.org/W2099618002","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2146344029","https://openalex.org/W2155027007","https://openalex.org/W2396381190","https://openalex.org/W2404048076","https://openalex.org/W2464234006","https://openalex.org/W2764902300","https://openalex.org/W2768198501","https://openalex.org/W2768255130","https://openalex.org/W2782812883","https://openalex.org/W2964043796","https://openalex.org/W3139377883","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W6683204974","https://openalex.org/W6692846177","https://openalex.org/W6792155000"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W4387731985","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W2095769150","https://openalex.org/W2279095528","https://openalex.org/W2352394813","https://openalex.org/W2360042170","https://openalex.org/W2368465758","https://openalex.org/W2108894446","https://openalex.org/W4223592178"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,83,118],"novel":[4],"approach":[5,20,116,142],"for":[6,100,131],"self-learning":[7],"as":[8,10,143],"well":[9],"plug-and-play":[11],"control":[12,40,69,103,137],"of":[13,27,36,85,122,146],"highly":[14],"flexible,":[15],"modular":[16],"manufacturing":[17,132],"units.":[18,133],"The":[19],"is":[21,138],"inspired":[22],"by":[23,62,75,92,140,155],"recent":[24],"encouraging":[25],"results":[26,43],"reinforcement":[28],"learning":[29,37,56,76],"(RL)":[30],"in":[31,44,153],"computer":[32],"science.":[33],"However,":[34],"instead":[35],"the":[38,55,59,67,89,115,128,141,157],"entire":[39],"behavior":[41],"which":[42,96,126],"long":[45],"training":[46],"times":[47],"and":[48,110],"requires":[49],"huge":[50],"data":[51],"sets,":[52],"we":[53,81],"restrict":[54],"process":[57],"to":[58,72,88,117],"supervisor":[60],"level":[61,70],"defining":[63],"appropriate":[64],"parameter":[65,87,158],"from":[66],"basic":[68],"(BCL)":[71],"be":[73,98,151],"learned":[74],"agents.":[77],"To":[78],"this":[79],"end,":[80],"define":[82],"set":[84],"interface":[86],"BCL":[90],"programmed":[91],"IEC61131":[93],"compatible":[94],"code,":[95],"will":[97],"used":[99],"learning.":[101],"Typical":[102],"parameters":[104,109],"include":[105],"switching":[106],"thresholds,":[107],"timing":[108],"transition":[111],"conditions.":[112],"We":[113],"apply":[114],"laboratory":[119],"testbed":[120],"consisting":[121],"different":[123,144],"production":[124,147],"modules":[125,148],"underlines":[127],"efficiency":[129],"improvements":[130],"In":[134],"addition,":[135],"plug-and-produce":[136],"enabled":[139],"configuration":[145],"can":[149],"efficiently":[150],"put":[152],"operation":[154],"re-learning":[156],"sets.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-02T08:37:19.008085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}