{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225327530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps48227.2022.9764511","title":"System-Level Simulation of Electromigration in a 3 nm CMOS Power Delivery Network: The Effect of Grid Redundancy, Metallization Stack and Standard-Cell Currents","display_name":"System-Level Simulation of Electromigration in a 3 nm CMOS Power Delivery Network: The Effect of Grid Redundancy, Metallization Stack and Standard-Cell Currents","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225327530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps48227.2022.9764511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/irps48227.2022.9764511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps48227.2022.9764511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605693","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029225444","display_name":"Houman Zahedmanesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-691X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Houman Zahedmanesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec,Leuven,Belgium","imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec,Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008296538","display_name":"Ivan Ciofi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1374-4116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Ciofi","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec,Leuven,Belgium","imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec,Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013521006","display_name":"Odysseas Zografos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9998-8009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Odysseas Zografos","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec,Leuven,Belgium","imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec,Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080591280","display_name":"Kristof Croes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3955-0638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristof Croes","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec,Leuven,Belgium","imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec,Leuven,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071608520","display_name":"Mustafa Badaroglu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0126-9062"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Badaroglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm,Brussels,Belgium","Qualcomm, Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm,Brussels,Belgium","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029225444"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8761,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98711063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10460","display_name":"Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromigration","display_name":"Electromigration","score":0.9596219062805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-network-design","display_name":"Power network design","score":0.8160484433174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-drop","display_name":"Voltage drop","score":0.6710786819458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.6150776743888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drop","display_name":"Drop (telecommunication)","score":0.5894738435745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.5508471131324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5203006863594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5199314951896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5111570954322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5039653182029724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4953443109989166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stack","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","score":0.48351457715034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4824557900428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.44379979372024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-grid","display_name":"Power grid","score":0.43952038884162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.43166959285736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.385459840297699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.32700833678245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3072774410247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3069649040699005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.30059337615966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1710820496082306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138055206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319010","display_name":"Electromigration","level":2,"score":0.9596219062805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164565468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236535","display_name":"Power network design","level":3,"score":0.8160484433174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82178898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166839","display_name":"Voltage drop","level":3,"score":0.6710786819458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6150776743888855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308388","display_name":"Drop (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.5894738435745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.5508471131324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5203006863594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5199314951896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5111570954322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5039653182029724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4953443109989166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9395851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177929","display_name":"Stack (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48351457715034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4824557900428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.44379979372024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983254600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096907","display_name":"Power grid","level":3,"score":0.43952038884162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.43166959285736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.385459840297699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.32700833678245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3072774410247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3069649040699005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.30059337615966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1710820496082306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/irps48227.2022.9764511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps48227.2022.9764511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605693","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011176205","https://openalex.org/W2015762781","https://openalex.org/W2112903419","https://openalex.org/W2150608324","https://openalex.org/W2239719122","https://openalex.org/W2513391298","https://openalex.org/W2527250297","https://openalex.org/W2539101258","https://openalex.org/W2794026804","https://openalex.org/W2886599283","https://openalex.org/W2899365058","https://openalex.org/W2927608144","https://openalex.org/W2946413997","https://openalex.org/W2991538121","https://openalex.org/W3005862711","https://openalex.org/W3011683599","https://openalex.org/W3159601804","https://openalex.org/W3159601891","https://openalex.org/W4206524698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108172432","https://openalex.org/W2119232911","https://openalex.org/W121910558","https://openalex.org/W4255681223","https://openalex.org/W1987230547","https://openalex.org/W653153512","https://openalex.org/W3215613000","https://openalex.org/W2138550049","https://openalex.org/W2116954639","https://openalex.org/W4245161178"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"physics-based":[1],"system-level":[2],"electromigration":[3],"(EM)":[4],"modelling":[5],"platform":[6],"is":[7],"employed":[8],"to":[9,23],"simulate":[10],"EM":[11,45,52,77],"and":[12],"its":[13],"impact":[14],"on":[15],"the":[16,20,24,51,57],"IR":[17],"drop":[18],"from":[19],"supply":[21],"voltage":[22],"standard-cells":[25],"for":[26],"a":[27,33,79],"power":[28],"delivery":[29],"network":[30],"design":[31],"in":[32,47],"3":[34],"nm":[35],"logic":[36],"node.":[37],"The":[38],"simulated":[39],"PDN":[40,49],"elicited":[41],"high":[42],"EM-tolerance.":[43],"Despite":[44],"voiding":[46],"multiple":[48],"segments,":[50],"induced":[53],"IR-drop":[54,73],"increase":[55],"at":[56],"standard-cell":[58,66],"level":[59],"stayed":[60],"below":[61],"3.3%":[62],"without":[63],"any":[64],"catastrophic":[65],"failures.":[67],"Use":[68],"of":[69,75,81],"ruthenium":[70],"rails":[71],"reduced":[72],"penalty":[74],"system":[76],"by":[78],"factor":[80],"~0.6":[82],"compared":[83],"with":[84],"copper":[85],"rails.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
