{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410394754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps48204.2025.10983009","title":"Understanding of Incremental Step Pulse Programming (ISPP) Slope Degradation in 3D NAND and its Band-Engineered Trap Layer Solution","display_name":"Understanding of Incremental Step Pulse Programming (ISPP) Slope Degradation in 3D NAND and its Band-Engineered Trap Layer Solution","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410394754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps48204.2025.10983009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/irps48204.2025.10983009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps48204.2025.10983009","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112284135","display_name":"Ki Han Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ki Han Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyungpook National University,School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyungpook National University,School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113808326","display_name":"Woo Cheol Shin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193427800","display_name":"Applied Materials (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1q4c89","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193427800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woo Cheol Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Materials, Inc,Santa Clara,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Materials, Inc,Santa Clara,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193427800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082256818","display_name":"Un Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0061-0098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ui Do Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyungpook National University,School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyungpook National University,School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102690002","display_name":"Yeong Kwon Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeong Kwon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyungpook National University,School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyungpook National University,School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032366427","display_name":"Nam Ju Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6288-3732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Namju Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyungpook National University,School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyungpook National University,School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032888918","display_name":"HakJune Oh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Byeol Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyungpook National University,School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyungpook National University,School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030460272","display_name":"Sang\u2010Hyun Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6992-5007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134353371","display_name":"SK Group (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03696td91","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Hyun Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["SK hynix Inc,Research and Development Division,Icheon,Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SK hynix Inc,Research and Development Division,Icheon,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134353371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015276364","display_name":"Byung Chul Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2254-7918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byung Chul Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyungpook National University,School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyungpook National University,School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9628,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9241884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.965399980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.965399980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9031000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trap","display_name":"Trap (plumbing)","score":0.8308190107345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.797301709651947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nand-gate","display_name":"NAND gate","score":0.7365712523460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5738123059272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.5067465901374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4759092926979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.474136084318161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.42801904678344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.3236151337623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.19057375192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16323989629745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12220600247383118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09864580631256104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121099081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665580","display_name":"Trap (plumbing)","level":2,"score":0.8308190107345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.797301709651947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124296912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575178","display_name":"NAND gate","level":3,"score":0.7365712523460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5738123059272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.5067465901374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4759092926979065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.474136084318161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.42801904678344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.3236151337623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.19057375192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16323989629745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12220600247383118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09864580631256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/irps48204.2025.10983009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps48204.2025.10983009","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317879","display_name":"SK Hynix","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W361670159","https://openalex.org/W2060315380","https://openalex.org/W2079968716","https://openalex.org/W2116028909","https://openalex.org/W2122333850","https://openalex.org/W2127992576","https://openalex.org/W2135671760","https://openalex.org/W2155981912","https://openalex.org/W2292442663","https://openalex.org/W3108684791","https://openalex.org/W3168170785","https://openalex.org/W4226055387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3165307257","https://openalex.org/W2515312339","https://openalex.org/W2145098804","https://openalex.org/W4226211266","https://openalex.org/W2991151827","https://openalex.org/W2130440338","https://openalex.org/W1574518580","https://openalex.org/W2791832526","https://openalex.org/W2580900324","https://openalex.org/W2161229876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1,137],"a":[2,17,95,138],"physical":[3],"model":[4,70],"to":[5,71,80,113,141],"understand":[6],"the":[7,36,39,43,50,62,73,76,81,89,103,109,114,127,143],"degradation":[8,101],"factors":[9],"of":[10,38,75,85,98],"incremental":[11],"step":[12],"pulse":[13],"programming":[14],"(ISPP)":[15],"slope,":[16],"critical":[18],"efficiency":[19],"indicator":[20],"for":[21,61],"program":[22],"operation":[23],"in":[24,42,55,111,117],"charge":[25,44,86,106],"trap":[26,45],"flash":[27],"(CTF)-based":[28],"3D":[29],"NAND":[30],"Flash":[31],"memory.":[32],"During":[33],"ISPP":[34,68,99,134,144],"operation,":[35],"position":[37,82],"trapped":[40,87,105,148],"charges":[41],"layer":[46],"(CTL)":[47],"significantly":[48],"affects":[49],"channel":[51,77],"surface":[52,78],"potential,":[53],"which":[54],"turn":[56],"influences$\\boldsymbol{V}_{\\text{Th}}$.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"work,":[60],"first":[63],"time,":[64],"we":[65,130],"developed":[66],"an":[67],"slope":[69,100,135,145],"capture":[72],"sensitivity":[74],"potential":[79],"and":[83,136],"density":[84],"within":[88,108],"CTL.":[90],"Our":[91],"findings":[92],"indicate":[93],"that":[94],"major":[96],"cause":[97],"is":[102],"non-uniform":[104],"distribution":[107,116],"CTL,":[110],"contrast":[112],"uniform":[115],"floating":[118],"gate":[119],"(FG)":[120],"memory":[121],"under":[122],"thermal":[123],"equilibrium":[124],"state.":[125],"Using":[126],"derived":[128],"model,":[129],"successfully":[131],"reproduce":[132],"experimental":[133],"band-engineered":[139],"CTL":[140],"improve":[142],"by":[146],"redistributing":[147],"charges.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
