{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945942712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2019.8720473","title":"Stress Migration Followed by Electromigration Reliability Testing","display_name":"Stress Migration Followed by Electromigration Reliability Testing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945942712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2019.8720473","mag":"2945942712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/irps.2019.8720473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2019.8720473","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030030399","display_name":"Jennifer M. Passage","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90965887","display_name":"SUNY Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/000fxgx19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J.M. Passage","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108834689","display_name":"Nabihah Azhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6651-252X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90965887","display_name":"SUNY Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/000fxgx19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Azhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102795012","display_name":"J. R. Lloyd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5367-7371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90965887","display_name":"SUNY Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/000fxgx19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.R. Lloyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030030399"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42120112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10460","display_name":"Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromigration","display_name":"Electromigration","score":0.9983989000320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-mode-and-effects-analysis","display_name":"Failure mode and effects analysis","score":0.719468891620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6831026673316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.6616681814193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5934127569198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.5915796756744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-mechanism","display_name":"Failure mechanism","score":0.5150117874145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.42446815967559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35656243562698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.34064221382141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.3132351040840149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2037401795387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14514508843421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.1221473217010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11372816562652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08459171652793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07203260064125061}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138055206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319010","display_name":"Electromigration","level":2,"score":0.9983989000320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66283442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389268","display_name":"Failure mode and effects analysis","level":2,"score":0.719468891620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6831026673316956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6616681814193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5934127569198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.5915796756744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018344627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1925224","display_name":"Failure mechanism","level":2,"score":0.5150117874145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.42446815967559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35656243562698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.34064221382141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3132351040840149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2037401795387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14514508843421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.1221473217010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11372816562652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08459171652793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07203260064125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/irps.2019.8720473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2019.8720473","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51588736","https://openalex.org/W1500319234","https://openalex.org/W2010945721","https://openalex.org/W2037818009","https://openalex.org/W2066546807","https://openalex.org/W2071455226","https://openalex.org/W2081786181","https://openalex.org/W2165131636","https://openalex.org/W2598890271","https://openalex.org/W2804662986","https://openalex.org/W4213352082","https://openalex.org/W6751930359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136403807","https://openalex.org/W796810817","https://openalex.org/W2115491251","https://openalex.org/W1921258204","https://openalex.org/W2169154812","https://openalex.org/W2318525917","https://openalex.org/W2108703634","https://openalex.org/W2086910809","https://openalex.org/W2004126613","https://openalex.org/W1984394007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electromigration":[0],"(EM)":[1],"and":[2],"Stress":[3],"Migration":[4],"(SM)":[5],"are":[6],"reliability":[7],"concerns":[8],"for":[9,71],"modern":[10],"day":[11],"integrated":[12],"circuits.":[13],"However,":[14,123],"neither":[15],"mechanism":[16],"is":[17,51],"completely":[18],"independent":[19],"of":[20,34,44,60,68,79,89,110,119],"the":[21,31,39,42,54,66,80,87,108,111,116,120,145],"other,":[22],"but":[23],"instead":[24],"they":[25],"have":[26,140],"a":[27,90,104,141],"combined":[28],"impact":[29],"on":[30,93,144],"failure":[32,113,147],"behavior":[33],"copper":[35],"interconnects.":[36],"Due":[37],"to":[38,73,134],"differences":[40],"in":[41,107],"coefficient":[43],"thermal":[45,62],"expansion":[46],"(CTE),":[47],"thermally":[48],"induced":[49],"stress":[50,63,69,100,125],"`quenched":[52],"in'":[53],"conductors":[55],"during":[56],"processing.":[57],"The":[58],"presence":[59],"this":[61,83],"may":[64,102],"reduce":[65,77],"amount":[67],"needed":[70],"electromigration":[72,94,121,151],"cause":[74],"failure;":[75],"hence,":[76],"lifetime":[78],"interconnect.":[81],"For":[82],"study,":[84],"we":[85],"investigated":[86],"effect":[88,143],"temperature":[91],"anneal":[92],"lifetime.":[95],"It":[96],"was":[97],"found":[98],"that":[99],"migration":[101],"play":[103],"significant":[105,142],"role":[106],"distribution":[109],"first":[112],"mode":[114,148],"or":[115],"early":[117],"failures":[118],"failure.":[122,152],"with":[124,150],"anneals":[126],"at":[127],"250":[128],"<sup":[129],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[130],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u00b0</sup>":[131],"C":[132],"up":[133],"500":[135],"hours,":[136],"it":[137],"did":[138],"not":[139],"second":[146],"associated":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
