{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2799959685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2018.8353636","title":"Reliability benefits of a metallic liner in confined PCM","display_name":"Reliability benefits of a metallic liner in confined PCM","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2799959685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2018.8353636","mag":"2799959685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/irps.2018.8353636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2018.8353636","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054983420","display_name":"W. Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100417274","display_name":"Seyoung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0408-1165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024630942","display_name":"Robert L. Bruce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5574-5603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Bruce","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031126250","display_name":"Fabio Carta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4670-7545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Carta","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070450106","display_name":"Gloria Fraczak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Fraczak","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030773148","display_name":"A. Ray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-0261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088446962","display_name":"C. Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9320-5215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109090176","display_name":"M. BrightSky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. BrightSky","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042002018","display_name":"Yu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7747-662X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069087687","display_name":"Takeshi Masuda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3557-0049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125446","display_name":"Ulvac (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xnwme44","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125446"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Masuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["ULVAC, Inc., Shizuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ULVAC, Inc., Shizuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060366863","display_name":"Koukou Suu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-5915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125446","display_name":"Ulvac (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xnwme44","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125446"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Suu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ULVAC, Inc., Shizuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ULVAC, Inc., Shizuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019736434","display_name":"Yujun Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-3120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765704","display_name":"Yunho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2679-0090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000294793","display_name":"J. Judy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6346-2814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. J. Cha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6358,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69376716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6D.5","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7502964735031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/void","display_name":"Void (composites)","score":0.6803989410400391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6272669434547424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5604584813117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal","display_name":"Metal","score":0.5107142925262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-electron-microscopy","display_name":"Transmission electron microscopy","score":0.4883274734020233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromigration","display_name":"Electromigration","score":0.4754093289375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4561549723148346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-resistivity-and-conductivity","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","score":0.4259244501590729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.4097285866737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3852228820323944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21425071358680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.20372995734214783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.16767975687980652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11704772710800171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.07815256714820862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7502964735031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779772531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19689164","display_name":"Void (composites)","level":2,"score":0.6803989410400391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6272669434547424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5604584813117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.5107142925262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146088050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744818","display_name":"Transmission electron microscopy","level":2,"score":0.4883274734020233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138055206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319010","display_name":"Electromigration","level":2,"score":0.4754093289375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4561549723148346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.4259244501590729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4097285866737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3852228820323944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21425071358680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.20372995734214783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.16767975687980652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11704772710800171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.07815256714820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/irps.2018.8353636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/irps.2018.8353636","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144946662","https://openalex.org/W1992388464","https://openalex.org/W2061087832","https://openalex.org/W2074452321","https://openalex.org/W2288865329","https://openalex.org/W2508350329","https://openalex.org/W2585242491","https://openalex.org/W2966295578","https://openalex.org/W4376848523","https://openalex.org/W6748184452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004615523","https://openalex.org/W2055638565","https://openalex.org/W2138118262","https://openalex.org/W2542708587","https://openalex.org/W2048644706","https://openalex.org/W2536001652","https://openalex.org/W2261565770","https://openalex.org/W1990187088","https://openalex.org/W2049675513","https://openalex.org/W1980919623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,38],"demonstrate":[1],"outstanding":[2],"resistance-drift":[3],"(R-drift)":[4],"mitigation":[5],"and":[6],"void":[7],"elimination":[8],"as":[9],"reliability":[10],"benefits":[11],"of":[12,21,71],"a":[13,28,50,55],"thin":[14],"metallic":[15,29,56],"liner.":[16,57],"By":[17],"tuning":[18],"the":[19,22,24,42,69,72],"resistivity":[20],"liner,":[23],"confined":[25,46,73],"PCM":[26,47,74],"with":[27,61],"liner":[30],"yields":[31],"an":[32],"extremely":[33],"low":[34],"R-drift":[35],"coefficient":[36],"(\u223c0.01).":[37],"also":[39],"show":[40],"for":[41],"first":[43],"time":[44],"that":[45,75],"could":[48],"have":[49],"self-recovering":[51],"property":[52],"by":[53,78],"incorporating":[54],"The":[58],"experimental":[59],"results":[60],"real-time":[62],"in-situ":[63],"transmission":[64],"electron":[65],"microscope":[66],"(TEM)":[67],"exhibit":[68],"robustness":[70],"can":[76],"recover":[77],"itself":[79],"without":[80],"any":[81],"extra":[82],"circuits.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
