{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416749191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11247298","title":"A Variable-stiffness Neck Exoskeleton with Pneumatic-driven Actuators for Prolonged Head Flexion Assistance","display_name":"A Variable-stiffness Neck Exoskeleton with Pneumatic-driven Actuators for Prolonged Head Flexion Assistance","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416749191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11247298"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros60139.2025.11247298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11247298","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046205902","display_name":"Tianfang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianfang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education,Tianjin,China,300072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education,Tianjin,China,300072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026574260","display_name":"Baojun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2840-7617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baojun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education,Tianjin,China,300072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education,Tianjin,China,300072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030281685","display_name":"Zhichao Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-7814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhichao Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education,Tianjin,China,300072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education,Tianjin,China,300072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045031790","display_name":"Qiang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3742-8599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University,Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education,Tianjin,China,300072"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University,Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education,Tianjin,China,300072","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"18213","last_page":"18218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.5550000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.5550000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14286","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease and Spinal Disorders","score":0.24660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-and-neck","display_name":"Head and neck","score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomechanics","display_name":"Biomechanics","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neck-muscles","display_name":"Neck muscles","score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sternocleidomastoid-muscle","display_name":"Sternocleidomastoid muscle","score":0.3488999903202057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6995999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6495000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018411727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3867488","display_name":"Head and neck","level":2,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910045404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756697","display_name":"Neck muscles","level":2,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776716027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272830","display_name":"Sternocleidomastoid muscle","level":2,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576145","display_name":"Strain (injury)","level":2,"score":0.3433000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909042839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877796","display_name":"Cumulative trauma disorder","level":4,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781038967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3567802","display_name":"Neck pain","level":3,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776116199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204113","display_name":"Trapezius muscle","level":3,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137813230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor control","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros60139.2025.11247298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11247298","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068907118","https://openalex.org/W2075391088","https://openalex.org/W2094308855","https://openalex.org/W2122068564","https://openalex.org/W2213952013","https://openalex.org/W2588874007","https://openalex.org/W2763807056","https://openalex.org/W2790867203","https://openalex.org/W2947168746","https://openalex.org/W3094563092","https://openalex.org/W3118401461","https://openalex.org/W3160104458","https://openalex.org/W3180974836","https://openalex.org/W3215835397","https://openalex.org/W4281703716","https://openalex.org/W4384937723","https://openalex.org/W4385069340","https://openalex.org/W4394869043","https://openalex.org/W4397026520","https://openalex.org/W4405670107"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Surgeons":[0],"are":[1],"frequently":[2],"subjected":[3],"to":[4,19,93],"prolonged":[5,65,161],"unnatural":[6],"postures,":[7],"such":[8,28],"as":[9],"sustained":[10],"neck":[11,40,58,79],"flexion":[12,67],"during":[13,160],"surgical":[14],"procedures,":[15],"increasing":[16],"their":[17],"susceptibility":[18],"work-related":[20],"musculoskeletal":[21],"disorders":[22],"(WMSDs).":[23],"Despite":[24],"the":[25,95,121,127,131,150,157],"prevalence":[26],"of":[27,34,126,149],"issues,":[29],"there":[30],"remains":[31],"a":[32,55],"scarcity":[33],"ergonomic":[35],"solutions":[36],"that":[37,120],"effectively":[38],"mitigate":[39],"pain":[41],"while":[42,76],"permitting":[43],"full":[44],"operational":[45],"functionality":[46],"across":[47],"diverse":[48],"environments.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"we":[53],"present":[54],"novel":[56],"variable-stiffness":[57],"exoskeleton":[59,151],"with":[60],"pneumatic-driven":[61],"tensile":[62],"actuators":[63],"for":[64,155],"head":[66,74,162],"assistance.":[68],"Its":[69],"innovative":[70],"design":[71],"facilitates":[72],"unrestricted":[73],"movement":[75],"providing":[77],"expected":[78],"support,":[80],"thereby":[81],"minimizing":[82],"strain":[83],"on":[84],"antagonist":[85],"muscle":[86],"groups.":[87],"Comprehensive":[88],"experimental":[89,144],"evaluations":[90],"were":[91,106,134],"conducted":[92],"assess":[94],"system\u2019s":[96],"performance.":[97],"Transitional":[98],"response":[99],"times":[100],"between":[101],"flexible":[102],"and":[103,109,130,138],"rigid":[104],"states":[105],"0.28":[107],"s":[108],"0.46":[110],"s,":[111],"respectively.":[112,142],"Experimental":[113],"trials":[114],"involving":[115],"five":[116],"healthy":[117],"subjects":[118],"demonstrated":[119,146],"average":[122],"muscular":[123],"activity":[124],"reduction":[125],"splenius":[128],"capitis":[129],"sternocleidomastoid":[132],"muscles":[133],"38.8":[135],"\u00b1":[136,140],"2.0%":[137],"9.7":[139],"2.5%,":[141],"These":[143],"results":[145],"great":[147],"potential":[148],"in":[152],"practical":[153],"application":[154],"alleviating":[156],"physical":[158],"burden":[159],"flexion.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}