{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416749354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246678","title":"STEAD: Spatio-Temporal Efficient Anomaly Detection for Time and Compute Sensitive Applications","display_name":"STEAD: Spatio-Temporal Efficient Anomaly Detection for Time and Compute Sensitive Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416749354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246678"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246678","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103265144","display_name":"Andrew Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3695-0046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Jose State University,Department of Computer Engineering,San Jose,CA,USA,95192"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jose State University,Department of Computer Engineering,San Jose,CA,USA,95192","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361857","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4365-4165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Jose State University,Department of Computer Engineering,San Jose,CA,USA,95192"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jose State University,Department of Computer Engineering,San Jose,CA,USA,95192","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6256","last_page":"6263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7401999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.48570001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.4684999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.34060001373291016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7760999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7401999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48570001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4684999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018263672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1296251","display_name":"Efficient algorithm","level":2,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246678","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975517671","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2122361470","https://openalex.org/W2171590421","https://openalex.org/W2902758299","https://openalex.org/W2948982773","https://openalex.org/W2963155035","https://openalex.org/W2963524571","https://openalex.org/W2963775347","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W3007303524","https://openalex.org/W3034572008","https://openalex.org/W3058842179","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3101133846","https://openalex.org/W3129458182","https://openalex.org/W3136793533","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3168600998","https://openalex.org/W3196890755","https://openalex.org/W3212629956","https://openalex.org/W4214893857","https://openalex.org/W4288684896","https://openalex.org/W4312699459","https://openalex.org/W4312723609","https://openalex.org/W4360585394","https://openalex.org/W4382461973","https://openalex.org/W4382464562","https://openalex.org/W4401935126","https://openalex.org/W4402265131","https://openalex.org/W4402754178"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,42],"presents":[2],"a":[3],"new":[4],"method":[5],"for":[6,75],"anomaly":[7],"detection":[8,58],"in":[9,53],"automated":[10],"systems":[11,22,59],"with":[12,18,63],"time":[13],"and":[14,48,101,131,164,178,187],"compute":[15],"sensitive":[16],"requirements":[17],"unparalleled":[19],"efficiency.":[20],"As":[21],"like":[23],"autonomous":[24],"driving":[25],"become":[26,33],"increasingly":[27],"popular,":[28],"ensuring":[29],"their":[30,102],"safety":[31],"has":[32],"more":[34],"important":[35],"than":[36],"ever.":[37],"With":[38],"this":[39,41,89,115],"motivation,":[40],"focuses":[43],"on":[44,144],"how":[45],"to":[46,80,104,107],"quickly":[47],"effectively":[49],"detect":[50],"various":[51],"anomalies":[52],"the":[54,97,145,157,162,180],"aforementioned":[55],"systems.":[56],"Many":[57],"have":[60],"been":[61],"developed":[62,127],"great":[64],"success":[65],"under":[66],"spatial":[67],"contexts.":[68],"However,":[69],"there":[70,84,91],"is":[71,85,92,126],"still":[72],"significant":[73],"room":[74],"improvement":[76],"when":[77],"it":[78],"comes":[79],"temporal":[81],"context.":[82],"While":[83],"substantial":[86],"work":[87,94],"regarding":[88,96],"task,":[90],"minimal":[93],"done":[95],"efficiency":[98,138],"of":[99,154,161,171],"models":[100,189],"ability":[103],"be":[105],"applied":[106],"scenarios":[108],"that":[109],"require":[110],"real-time":[111],"inference.":[112],"To":[113],"address":[114],"gap,":[116],"we":[117],"propose":[118],"STEAD":[119],"(Spatio-Temporal":[120],"Efficient":[121],"Anomaly":[122],"Detection),":[123],"whose":[124],"backbone":[125],"using":[128],"(2+1)D":[129],"Convolutions":[130],"Performer":[132],"Linear":[133],"Attention,":[134],"which":[135],"ensures":[136],"computational":[137],"without":[139],"sacrificing":[140],"performance.":[141],"When":[142],"evaluated":[143],"UCF-Crime":[146],"benchmark,":[147],"our":[148,165],"base":[149],"model":[150],"achieves":[151,168],"an":[152,169],"AUC":[153,170],"91.34%,":[155],"outperforming":[156,179],"previous":[158,181],"SOTA":[159,182],"(state":[160],"art),":[163],"fast":[166],"version":[167],"88.87%,":[172],"while":[173],"having":[174],"99.70%":[175],"less":[176],"parameters":[177],"as":[183],"well.":[184],"The":[185],"code":[186],"pretrained":[188],"are":[190],"made":[191],"publicly":[192],"available":[193],"at":[194],"https://github.com/agao8/STEAD.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}