{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416750867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246362","title":"Exploring Spontaneous Social Interaction Swarm Robotics Powered by Large Language Models","display_name":"Exploring Spontaneous Social Interaction Swarm Robotics Powered by Large Language Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416750867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246362"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246362","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043120779","display_name":"Yitao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4052-1170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yitao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College,Department of Computer Science,Hanover,NH,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College,Department of Computer Science,Hanover,NH,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019649400","display_name":"Luyang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-8289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College,Department of Computer Science,Hanover,NH,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College,Department of Computer Science,Hanover,NH,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077241133","display_name":"Alberto Quattrini Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4094-9793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Quattrini Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College,Department of Computer Science,Hanover,NH,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College,Department of Computer Science,Hanover,NH,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102861481","display_name":"Muhao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0118-3147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kentucky,Department of Aerospace Engineering,Lexington,KY,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kentucky,Department of Aerospace Engineering,Lexington,KY,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001178194","display_name":"Devin Balkcom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6553-5650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devin Balkcom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College,Department of Computer Science,Hanover,NH,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College,Department of Computer Science,Hanover,NH,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"10198","last_page":"10205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.37689998745918274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.37689998745918274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.3479999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.0632999986410141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-robotics","display_name":"Swarm robotics","score":0.6158999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5374000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.49410000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-robot","display_name":"Social robot","score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-relation","display_name":"Social relation","score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.35600000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6342999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6258000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169337768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446723","display_name":"Swarm robotics","level":3,"score":0.6158999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5374000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.501800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.49410000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162947575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005645","display_name":"Social robot","level":5,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60692881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584529","display_name":"Humanoid robot","level":3,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45801056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2273844","display_name":"Social intelligence","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44832474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4770870","display_name":"Ant robotics","level":5,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74222875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000312","display_name":"Robot kinematics","level":4,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246362","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972391046","https://openalex.org/W2028158833","https://openalex.org/W2049383841","https://openalex.org/W2084842614","https://openalex.org/W2126554879","https://openalex.org/W2148252440","https://openalex.org/W2921599593","https://openalex.org/W3091096609","https://openalex.org/W3156846220","https://openalex.org/W3209849585","https://openalex.org/W4224566676","https://openalex.org/W4283793913","https://openalex.org/W4285613368","https://openalex.org/W4292604000","https://openalex.org/W4319068698","https://openalex.org/W4366828030","https://openalex.org/W4379116362","https://openalex.org/W4379928074","https://openalex.org/W4395051578","https://openalex.org/W4399767172","https://openalex.org/W4403378892","https://openalex.org/W4404783650","https://openalex.org/W4405910844","https://openalex.org/W4406892690","https://openalex.org/W4411883942","https://openalex.org/W4413167964"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"swarm":[1,37],"robots":[2,78,141,165],"rely":[3],"on":[4],"specific":[5],"communication":[6,25,158],"and":[7,26,66,83,96,121,160],"planning":[8],"strategies":[9],"to":[10,20,35,45,91,179],"coordinate":[11,97],"particular":[12],"tasks.":[13],"Human":[14],"swarms":[15],"exhibit":[16],"distinctive":[17],"characteristics":[18],"due":[19],"their":[21],"capacity":[22],"for":[23,81,86],"language-based":[24,167],"active":[27,48],"reasoning.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"presents":[31],"an":[32],"exploratory":[33],"approach":[34,127],"robotic":[36,151],"intelligence":[38],"that":[39,139,184],"leverages":[40],"Large":[41],"Language":[42],"Models":[43],"(LLMs)":[44],"emulate":[46],"human-like":[47,110,157],"problem-solving":[49],"behaviors.":[50],"We":[51],"introduce":[52],"a":[53,101,144],"decentralized":[54],"multi-robot":[55],"system":[56],"where":[57],"each":[58],"robot":[59,147,187],"initially":[60],"only":[61],"has":[62],"its":[63],"local":[64],"information":[65,117],"does":[67],"not":[68],"know":[69],"of":[70,73,103,146],"the":[71,74,125,130,136,174,181],"existence":[72],"other":[75],"robots.":[76],"The":[77],"utilize":[79],"LLMs":[80],"reasoning":[82],"natural":[84],"language":[85],"inter-robot":[87],"communication,":[88],"enabling":[89],"them":[90],"discover":[92],"peers,":[93],"share":[94],"information,":[95],"actions":[98],"dynamically.":[99],"In":[100,169],"series":[102],"experiments":[104],"in":[105,134],"zero-shot":[106],"settings,":[107],"we":[108,172],"observed":[109],"social":[111,148,152,177],"behaviors,":[112],"including":[113],"mutual":[114],"discovery,":[115],"identification,":[116],"exchange,":[118],"collaboration,":[119],"negotiation,":[120],"error":[122],"correction.":[123],"While":[124],"technical":[126],"is":[128],"straightforward,":[129],"main":[131],"contribution":[132],"lies":[133],"exploring":[135],"interactive":[137],"societies":[138],"LLM-driven":[140],"form":[142,145],"\u2013":[143],"dynamics":[149],"(or":[150],"behavior":[153],"analysis),":[154],"examining":[155],"how":[156],"protocols":[159],"collaborative":[161],"structures":[162],"emerge":[163],"among":[164],"through":[166],"interaction.":[168],"this":[170],"context,":[171],"use":[173],"term":[175],"\"robot":[176],"dynamics\"":[178],"describe":[180],"interaction":[182],"patterns":[183],"arise":[185],"within":[186],"collectives,":[188],"inspired":[189],"by,":[190],"but":[191],"distinct":[192],"from":[193],"traditional":[194],"human":[195],"anthropology.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}