{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405785496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros58592.2024.10802247","title":"RCAL:A Lightweight Road Cognition and Automated Labeling System for Autonomous Driving Scenarios","display_name":"RCAL:A Lightweight Road Cognition and Automated Labeling System for Autonomous Driving Scenarios","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405785496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros58592.2024.10802247"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros58592.2024.10802247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros58592.2024.10802247","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101538980","display_name":"Jian-Cheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1539-2786"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiancheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084066215","display_name":"Chao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-842X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044297132","display_name":"Huayou Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huayou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kun Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yifei Zhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065122260","display_name":"Xianpeng Lang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2620-7128"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianpeng Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065456985","display_name":"Changliang Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changliang Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Li Auto Inc.,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"12332","last_page":"12339"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9276999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.738982081413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.6491840481758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-systems","display_name":"Cognitive systems","score":0.49229395389556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.46991339325904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3301785886287689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07020783424377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.052272021770477295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.738982081413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6491840481758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986342778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Cognitive systems","level":3,"score":0.49229395389556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.46991339325904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3301785886287689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07020783424377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.052272021770477295}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros58592.2024.10802247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros58592.2024.10802247","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2910122778","https://openalex.org/W2913921102","https://openalex.org/W2948515602","https://openalex.org/W2963424321","https://openalex.org/W3030546715","https://openalex.org/W3038023161","https://openalex.org/W3096411729","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3109395584","https://openalex.org/W3120926185","https://openalex.org/W3179351458","https://openalex.org/W3184784650","https://openalex.org/W4252986580","https://openalex.org/W4295680081","https://openalex.org/W4312862130","https://openalex.org/W4382317933","https://openalex.org/W4382998492","https://openalex.org/W4388543867","https://openalex.org/W4389665693","https://openalex.org/W4390871799","https://openalex.org/W4390871875","https://openalex.org/W4403160743","https://openalex.org/W6784094891","https://openalex.org/W6800420534","https://openalex.org/W6809665764","https://openalex.org/W6811230113","https://openalex.org/W6838633692","https://openalex.org/W6843220696","https://openalex.org/W6851890368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W1595924246","https://openalex.org/W1989424746","https://openalex.org/W2134632992","https://openalex.org/W4376623104","https://openalex.org/W3161680458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vectorized":[0],"reconstruction":[1],"and":[2,32,45,63,77,107,128],"topological":[3],"cognition":[4],"of":[5,82,88,119],"road":[6,53,61,105,120],"structures":[7],"are":[8],"crucial":[9],"for":[10,74],"autonomous":[11],"vehicles":[12,58],"to":[13,59,115,157],"handle":[14],"complex":[15],"scenes.":[16],"Traditional":[17],"frameworks":[18],"rely":[19],"heavily":[20],"on":[21,29,71,141],"high-definition":[22],"(HD)":[23],"maps,":[24],"which":[25],"place":[26],"significant":[27],"demands":[28],"storage,":[30],"computation,":[31],"manual":[33],"labor.":[34],"To":[35],"overcome":[36],"these":[37],"limitations,":[38],"we":[39,91],"introduce":[40],"a":[41,93],"lightweight":[42,52],"Road":[43],"Cognition":[44],"Automated":[46],"Labeling":[47],"(RCAL)":[48],"system.":[49],"It":[50],"leverages":[51],"data":[54,70],"captured":[55],"from":[56,145],"mass-produced":[57],"vectorize":[60],"elements":[62],"cognize":[64],"their":[65],"topology.":[66],"RCAL":[67,130,151],"compiles":[68],"multi-trip":[69],"cloud":[72],"servers":[73],"enhanced":[75],"accuracy":[76,118],"coverage,":[78],"addressing":[79],"the":[80,86,102,117,137,142,146],"limitations":[81],"single-trip":[83],"data.":[84],"In":[85],"field":[87],"element":[89],"extraction,":[90],"proposed":[92],"pivotal":[94],"point":[95],"priority":[96],"sampling":[97],"strategy":[98],"that":[99,150],"can":[100],"balance":[101],"contradiction":[103],"between":[104],"scale":[106],"processing":[108],"efficiency.":[109],"Additionally,":[110],"traffic":[111],"flow":[112],"is":[113],"utilized":[114],"enhance":[116],"topology":[121],"cognition.":[122],"With":[123],"its":[124],"impressive":[125],"automation,":[126],"reliability,":[127],"efficiency,":[129],"stands":[131],"as":[132],"an":[133],"advanced":[134],"solution":[135],"in":[136],"field.":[138],"Our":[139],"evaluations":[140],"intersection":[143],"dataset":[144],"real":[147],"world":[148],"confirm":[149],"not":[152],"only":[153],"achieves":[154],"comparable":[155],"precision":[156],"traditional":[158],"HD":[159],"map":[160],"labeling":[161],"systems":[162],"but":[163],"also":[164],"substantially":[165],"reducing":[166],"resource":[167],"costs.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}