{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405785160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros58592.2024.10801785","title":"Cross-Observability Learning for Vehicle Routing Problems","display_name":"Cross-Observability Learning for Vehicle Routing Problems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405785160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros58592.2024.10801785"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros58592.2024.10801785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros58592.2024.10801785","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103071216","display_name":"Ruifan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-6414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruifan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cranfield University,School of Aerospace, Manufacturing and Transport,Cranfield,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cranfield University,School of Aerospace, Manufacturing and Transport,Cranfield,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001666073","display_name":"Hyo\u2010Sang Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9938-0370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyo-Sang Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cranfield University,School of Aerospace, Manufacturing and Transport,Cranfield,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cranfield University,School of Aerospace, Manufacturing and Transport,Cranfield,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085012064","display_name":"Antonios Tsourdos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3966-7633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Tsourdos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cranfield University,School of Aerospace, Manufacturing and Transport,Cranfield,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cranfield University,School of Aerospace, Manufacturing and Transport,Cranfield,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5551","last_page":"5558"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11814","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11814","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9210000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9057000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.9336575269699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6860829591751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.6112849712371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5919241309165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35240569710731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.27042585611343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12365087866783142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.9336575269699097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6860829591751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.6112849712371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5919241309165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35240569710731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27042585611343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12365087866783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros58592.2024.10801785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros58592.2024.10801785","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52153049","https://openalex.org/W1662842982","https://openalex.org/W2262276395","https://openalex.org/W2607264901","https://openalex.org/W2938157874","https://openalex.org/W2963099939","https://openalex.org/W2974424662","https://openalex.org/W3037428092","https://openalex.org/W3045710730","https://openalex.org/W3090234698","https://openalex.org/W3133471011","https://openalex.org/W3166401044","https://openalex.org/W3186667887","https://openalex.org/W3204231672","https://openalex.org/W4200340989","https://openalex.org/W4224138275","https://openalex.org/W4293209648","https://openalex.org/W4308780247","https://openalex.org/W4381327650","https://openalex.org/W4385403786","https://openalex.org/W6719911377","https://openalex.org/W6725207838","https://openalex.org/W6730742100","https://openalex.org/W6748487558","https://openalex.org/W6758687306","https://openalex.org/W6780524891","https://openalex.org/W6847064673","https://openalex.org/W6848995600"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2046459260","https://openalex.org/W2967463586","https://openalex.org/W2074679142","https://openalex.org/W2765830098","https://openalex.org/W1971989957","https://openalex.org/W2517338020","https://openalex.org/W3157641275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"seeks":[2],"towards":[3],"a":[4,49,76,93,98],"better":[5],"understanding":[6],"of":[7,23,63,116],"multi-vehicle":[8],"routing":[9],"problems":[10],"(VRPs)":[11],"under":[12],"restricted":[13,88],"observability.":[14,89],"Unlike":[15],"most":[16],"prior":[17],"research":[18],"that":[19,55],"assumes":[20],"full":[21],"knowledge":[22],"tasks":[24],"and":[25,113],"vehicles,":[26],"this":[27],"paper":[28],"addresses":[29],"VRPs":[30,86],"where":[31],"each":[32],"vehicle\u2019s":[33],"observation":[34],"is":[35],"confined":[36],"to":[37,83,102],"the":[38,57,60,64,69,85,104,110,114,117],"k-nearest":[39],"neighbourhood.":[40],"Vehicles":[41],"make":[42],"decisions":[43],"based":[44],"on":[45],"localized":[46],"policies":[47],"in":[48],"decentralized":[50],"manner.":[51],"We":[52],"theoretically":[53],"demonstrate":[54],"for":[56],"imitation":[58],"policy,":[59],"upper":[61],"bound":[62],"optimality":[65],"gap":[66],"diminishes":[67],"as":[68],"neighbourhood":[70],"range":[71],"expands.":[72],"Subsequently,":[73],"we":[74],"employed":[75],"multi-agent":[77,118],"cross-observability":[78],"policy":[79],"optimization":[80],"(MACOPO)":[81],"algorithm":[82,91],"solve":[84],"with":[87],"The":[90],"optimizes":[92],"cross-entropy":[94],"term":[95],"by":[96],"leveraging":[97],"fully":[99],"observable":[100],"expert":[101],"guide":[103],"training.":[105],"Empirical":[106],"results":[107],"supported":[108],"both":[109],"theoretical":[111],"findings":[112],"effectiveness":[115],"learning":[119],"algorithm.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}