{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183782245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros55552.2023.10342015","title":"SMART-Rain: A Degradation Evaluation Dataset for Autonomous Driving in Rain","display_name":"SMART-Rain: A Degradation Evaluation Dataset for Autonomous Driving in Rain","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183782245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros55552.2023.10342015","mag":"3183782245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros55552.2023.10342015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros55552.2023.10342015","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374184","display_name":"Chen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3870-8744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,Singapore","National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085320415","display_name":"Zefan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-3713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167254","display_name":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05yb3w112","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zefan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology,Singapore","Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033106028","display_name":"Hongliang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-3090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167254","display_name":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05yb3w112","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongliang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology,Singapore","Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016855348","display_name":"Lei Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-0029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167254","display_name":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05yb3w112","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology,Singapore","Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064469965","display_name":"Marcelo H. Ang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8277-6408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo H. Ang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,Singapore","National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036893791","display_name":"Daniela Rus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Rus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge,MA,USA","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge,MA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9691","last_page":"9698"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7462829351425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.6578467488288879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6163000464439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.5946285128593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.5356029868125916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4856897294521332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4386950135231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4332277774810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4315343499183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3650098443031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10393735766410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.07884705066680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07720592617988586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06771090626716614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7462829351425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.6578467488288879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6163000464439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5946285128593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5356029868125916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4856897294521332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4386950135231018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4332277774810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4315343499183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3650098443031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10393735766410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07884705066680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07720592617988586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06771090626716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros55552.2023.10342015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros55552.2023.10342015","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320765","display_name":"Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05yb3w112"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1987260835","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2041799877","https://openalex.org/W2094658656","https://openalex.org/W2139137304","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2154673940","https://openalex.org/W2163146621","https://openalex.org/W2295369382","https://openalex.org/W2528122233","https://openalex.org/W2558027072","https://openalex.org/W2563763605","https://openalex.org/W2739253758","https://openalex.org/W2799352588","https://openalex.org/W2892614179","https://openalex.org/W2904648219","https://openalex.org/W2921469264","https://openalex.org/W2963155035","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2971197296","https://openalex.org/W2981630388","https://openalex.org/W2984650037","https://openalex.org/W2989558855","https://openalex.org/W2989924675","https://openalex.org/W2995458562","https://openalex.org/W3004383164","https://openalex.org/W3035172746","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3046687515","https://openalex.org/W3089903748","https://openalex.org/W3101577715","https://openalex.org/W3106149304","https://openalex.org/W3115142864","https://openalex.org/W3116507889","https://openalex.org/W3208826636","https://openalex.org/W4200451128","https://openalex.org/W4288335160","https://openalex.org/W4288348082","https://openalex.org/W6750749703","https://openalex.org/W6760424586","https://openalex.org/W6763324549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4390887692","https://openalex.org/W4221065211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"driving":[1],"in":[2,55,83],"the":[3],"rain":[4,59],"remains":[5],"a":[6,20,32,37,58],"challenge.":[7],"One":[8],"main":[9],"problem":[10],"is":[11,29,53,69],"performance":[12,74],"degradation":[13,94,105],"caused":[14],"by":[15],"rain.":[16],"This":[17,112],"work":[18],"introduces":[19],"new":[21],"dataset":[22,28,87],"to":[23,85],"study":[24],"this":[25,81],"problem.":[26],"Our":[27],"collected":[30],"from":[31,57],"full-scale":[33],"vehicle":[34],"equipped":[35],"with":[36,97],"3D":[38],"LiDAR":[39,104],"sensor":[40,64],"and":[41,65,107,116],"multiple":[42],"forward-facing":[43],"cameras":[44],"under":[45,75],"various":[46],"rainy":[47],"conditions.":[48],"In":[49,80],"addition,":[50],"rainfall":[51,66,101],"intensity":[52,67,102],"recorded":[54],"real-time":[56],"sensor.":[60],"The":[61],"combination":[62],"of":[63,78],"measurement":[68],"designed":[70],"for":[71],"studying":[72],"algorithm":[73],"different":[76],"levels":[77],"rainfall.":[79],"work,":[82],"addition":[84],"presenting":[86],"creation":[88],"details,":[89],"we":[90],"also":[91],"introduce":[92],"three":[93],"evaluation":[95],"tasks":[96],"baseline":[98,117],"results,":[99],"including":[100],"estimation,":[103,106],"2D":[108],"object":[109],"detection":[110],"evaluation.":[111],"dataset,":[113],"development":[114],"kit,":[115],"codes":[118],"will":[119],"be":[120],"made":[121],"available":[122],"at":[123],"https://smart-rain-dataset.github.io/":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}