{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165212968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636162","title":"A Dataset for Provident Vehicle Detection at Night","display_name":"A Dataset for Provident Vehicle Detection at Night","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165212968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636162","mag":"3165212968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607734","display_name":"2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.13236","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006278156","display_name":"Sascha Saralajew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2248-8062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sascha Saralajew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Product Development, Bosch Center for Artificial Intelligence, Renningen, and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Product Development, Bosch Center for Artificial Intelligence, Renningen, and Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078116970","display_name":"Lars Ohnemus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0612-506X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Ohnemus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Weissach, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Weissach, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053061224","display_name":"Lukas Ewecker","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Ewecker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Weissach, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Weissach, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000006508","display_name":"Ebubekir Asan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebubekir Asan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Weissach, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Weissach, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036932595","display_name":"Simon T. Isele","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Isele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Weissach, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Weissach, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018158798","display_name":"Stefan Roos","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Roos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Weissach, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Weissach, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006278156"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28855793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9750","last_page":"9757"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7677028179168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7432937622070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6981019973754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6958065032958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.689013659954071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6550688743591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6391658782958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5979117155075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.48973608016967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.42633816599845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-field","display_name":"Light field","score":0.41820260882377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24412322044372559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.23075109720230103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.06967654824256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06640848517417908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7677028179168701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7432937622070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6981019973754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6958065032958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.689013659954071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6550688743591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6391658782958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5979117155075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.48973608016967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42633816599845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48983235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593161","display_name":"Light field","level":2,"score":0.41820260882377625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24412322044372559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.23075109720230103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.06967654824256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06640848517417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607734","display_name":"2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.13236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.13236","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.13236","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3165212968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.13236.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2105.13236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2105.13236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2105.13236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.13236","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.13236","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W284368147","https://openalex.org/W1638919170","https://openalex.org/W1772076007","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1864263115","https://openalex.org/W1893394426","https://openalex.org/W2131382202","https://openalex.org/W2131963406","https://openalex.org/W2138046011","https://openalex.org/W2147320665","https://openalex.org/W2551797136","https://openalex.org/W2607551589","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2913366114","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2956193108","https://openalex.org/W2964304707","https://openalex.org/W3034750257","https://openalex.org/W3104979525","https://openalex.org/W3120288843","https://openalex.org/W3183187054","https://openalex.org/W6610281778","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6636686307","https://openalex.org/W6638822333","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6765531889","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6798812132"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096822784","https://openalex.org/W2917598361","https://openalex.org/W2042535237","https://openalex.org/W2188016872","https://openalex.org/W3106720230","https://openalex.org/W3160463730","https://openalex.org/W2129456892","https://openalex.org/W124028954","https://openalex.org/W1521739951","https://openalex.org/W2089093174","https://openalex.org/W3048401767","https://openalex.org/W12224969","https://openalex.org/W1539591163","https://openalex.org/W2097430540","https://openalex.org/W2066352424","https://openalex.org/W3130503617","https://openalex.org/W281467087","https://openalex.org/W1594603013","https://openalex.org/W2969663017","https://openalex.org/W2030987944"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,37,56,116,142],"current":[1],"object":[2,7,29,185],"detection,":[3],"algorithms":[4,74],"require":[5],"the":[6,27,38,48,61,83,147,150,153,173,177,216,222],"to":[8,14,30,65,71,75,171,196,199,214],"be":[9,15,45],"directly":[10],"visible":[11],"in":[12,110,155,207],"order":[13],"detected.":[16],"As":[17],"humans,":[18],"however,":[19],"we":[20,59,93,145,179,194],"intuitively":[21],"use":[22],"visual":[23,158],"cues":[24,43,159],"caused":[25],"by":[26,88],"respective":[28,131],"already":[31],"make":[32],"assumptions":[33],"about":[34],"its":[35],"appearance.":[36],"context":[39],"of":[40,63,106,149],"driving,":[41],"such":[42,160],"can":[44],"shadows":[46],"during":[47],"day":[49],"and":[50,129,152,175,183,202,218,227],"often":[51],"light":[52,84,124,132,136,162],"reflections":[53,85,133,137],"at":[54,79,114],"night.":[55,115],"this":[57,67,143],"paper,":[58],"study":[60],"problem":[62],"how":[64],"map":[66],"intuitive":[68],"human":[69,225],"behavior":[70],"computer":[72,208,228],"vision":[73,209,229],"detect":[76],"oncoming":[77,120],"vehicles":[78],"night":[80],"just":[81],"from":[82],"they":[86],"cause":[87],"their":[89,122,130],"headlights.":[90],"For":[91],"that,":[92,193],"present":[94],"an":[95],"extensive":[96],"open-source":[97],"dataset":[98,151],"containing":[99],"59":[100],"746":[101],"annotated":[102],"grayscale":[103],"images":[104],"out":[105],"346":[107],"different":[108,166,169],"scenes":[109],"a":[111,189,200],"rural":[112],"environment":[113],"these":[117],"images,":[118],"all":[119],"vehicles,":[121],"corresponding":[123],"objects":[125],"(e.":[126,134],"g.,":[127,135],"headlamps),":[128],"on":[138],"guardrails)":[139],"are":[140],"labeled.":[141],"context,":[144],"discuss":[146],"characteristics":[148],"challenges":[154],"objectively":[156],"describing":[157],"as":[161,188],"reflections.":[163],"We":[164],"provide":[165],"metrics":[167],"for":[168],"ways":[170],"approach":[172],"task":[174],"report":[176],"results":[178],"achieved":[180],"using":[181],"state-of-the-art":[182],"custom":[184],"detection":[186],"models":[187],"first":[190],"benchmark.":[191],"With":[192],"want":[195],"bring":[197],"attention":[198],"new":[201],"so":[203],"far":[204],"neglected":[205],"field":[206],"research,":[210],"encourage":[211],"more":[212],"researchers":[213],"tackle":[215],"problem,":[217],"thereby":[219],"further":[220],"close":[221],"gap":[223],"between":[224],"performance":[226],"systems.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
