{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312589189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros47612.2022.9981636","title":"Core Processes in Intelligent Robotic Lab Assistants: Flexible Liquid Handling","display_name":"Core Processes in Intelligent Robotic Lab Assistants: Flexible Liquid Handling","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312589189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros47612.2022.9981636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros47612.2022.9981636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros47612.2022.9981636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607704","display_name":"2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011144427","display_name":"Dennis Knobbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4891-9783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Knobbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich,Chair of Robotics and Systems Intelligence,Munich,Germany,80797"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich,Chair of Robotics and Systems Intelligence,Munich,Germany,80797","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070701002","display_name":"Henning Zwirnmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6097-8858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henning Zwirnmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich,Chair of Robotics and Systems Intelligence,Munich,Germany,80797"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich,Chair of Robotics and Systems Intelligence,Munich,Germany,80797","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048231738","display_name":"Moritz Eckhoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-9193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moritz Eckhoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich,Chair of Robotics and Systems Intelligence,Munich,Germany,80797"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich,Chair of Robotics and Systems Intelligence,Munich,Germany,80797","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024171209","display_name":"Sami Haddadin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7696-4955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Haddadin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich,Chair of Robotics and Systems Intelligence,Munich,Germany,80797"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence, Technical University of Munich,Chair of Robotics and Systems Intelligence,Munich,Germany,80797","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011144427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7708,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97540736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2335","last_page":"2342"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.7432326078414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workspace","display_name":"Workspace","score":0.6759672164916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6497880220413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5831961631774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipette","display_name":"Pipette","score":0.5414711236953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laboratory-automation","display_name":"Laboratory automation","score":0.5341398119926453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4711255729198456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4391896426677704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4276133179664612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.41218236088752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19861170649528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.10712963342666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0787200927734375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.7432326078414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58581272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12741163","display_name":"Workspace","level":3,"score":0.6759672164916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6497880220413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5831961631774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151552171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163373","display_name":"Pipette","level":2,"score":0.5414711236953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85135244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1799487","display_name":"Laboratory automation","level":3,"score":0.5341398119926453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4711255729198456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4391896426677704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4276133179664612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41218236088752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19861170649528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10712963342666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0787200927734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros47612.2022.9981636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros47612.2022.9981636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607704","display_name":"2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1700080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1700080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585480664","https://openalex.org/W1592569414","https://openalex.org/W1994349244","https://openalex.org/W1999325943","https://openalex.org/W2019574994","https://openalex.org/W2070665593","https://openalex.org/W2093989592","https://openalex.org/W2138346348","https://openalex.org/W2147521594","https://openalex.org/W2406493898","https://openalex.org/W2520227768","https://openalex.org/W2555724180","https://openalex.org/W2607136978","https://openalex.org/W2894297802","https://openalex.org/W2903774518","https://openalex.org/W2967717386","https://openalex.org/W3042021489","https://openalex.org/W3043400034","https://openalex.org/W3139077113","https://openalex.org/W3209167201","https://openalex.org/W4245882831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2405165464","https://openalex.org/W2468594494","https://openalex.org/W89248693","https://openalex.org/W4389474662","https://openalex.org/W347754661","https://openalex.org/W4376631069","https://openalex.org/W2521461382","https://openalex.org/W2000784794","https://openalex.org/W81838124","https://openalex.org/W2619492648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Laboratory":[0],"automation":[1],"is":[2,133,159],"a":[3,83,127,134,160],"suitable":[4],"solution":[5],"to":[6,79,195,201],"establish":[7],"higher":[8,16],"reproducibility":[9],"with":[10],"less":[11],"manual":[12],"work":[13],"and":[14,36,50,88,90,144,214,217],"thus":[15],"quality":[17],"standards":[18],"in":[19,33,69,102,178],"life":[20],"sciences.":[21],"To":[22,182],"date,":[23],"mobile":[24],"robots":[25],"are":[26],"capable":[27],"of":[28,53,105,121,137,140,166,189],"performing":[29],"autonomous":[30],"pick-and-place":[31],"tasks":[32,65],"the":[34,48,75,103,145,179,202],"laboratory,":[35],"specialized":[37],"pipetting":[38,68,122,157,185,220],"machines":[39],"can":[40,63,174],"be":[41,175],"used":[42],"for":[43,112,163],"sequenced":[44],"liquid":[45],"handling.":[46],"However,":[47],"complex":[49],"creative":[51],"process":[52],"developing":[54],"new":[55],"research":[56],"protocols":[57],"requires":[58],"flexible":[59,187],"robotic":[60,129,151,156,219],"systems":[61],"that":[62,173,209],"perform":[64],"such":[66],"as":[67,126],"more":[70],"versatile":[71,161],"ways.":[72],"In":[73],"addition,":[74],"correct":[76],"technique,":[77],"according":[78],"ISO":[80,124,203],"standards,":[81],"has":[82],"great":[84],"influence":[85],"on":[86,92],"precision":[87],"accuracy":[89],"therefore":[91],"reproducibility.":[93],"This":[94,154],"paper":[95],"introduces":[96],"our":[97,106,138],"Intelligent":[98],"Robotic":[99],"Lab":[100],"Assistants":[101],"framework":[104],"holistic,":[107],"human-like,":[108],"but":[109],"standardized":[110],"paradigm":[111],"collaborative":[113],"lab":[114],"automation,":[115],"AI.Laboratory.":[116],"Our":[117],"system":[118],"demonstrates":[119],"mastery":[120],"following":[123],"8655":[125,204],"force-sensitive":[128],"manipulation":[130],"skill,":[131],"which":[132],"key":[135],"component":[136],"taxonomy":[139],"cell":[141],"culture":[142],"skills":[143],"first":[146],"steps":[147],"toward":[148],"true":[149],"intelligent":[150,155],"laboratory":[152,171],"assistants.":[153],"skill":[158],"tool":[162],"general":[164],"handling":[165,188],"\u00b5L-liquids,":[167],"using":[168],"only":[169],"standard":[170],"equipment":[172],"flexibly":[176],"positioned":[177],"robot's":[180],"workspace.":[181],"demonstrate":[183],"its":[184],"performance,":[186],"small":[190],"volumes":[191],"from":[192],"10":[193],"\u00b5L":[194,197],"1000":[196],"was":[198],"experimentally":[199],"validated":[200],"standard,":[205],"demonstrating":[206],"superhuman":[207],"performance":[208],"outperformed":[210],"laymen,":[211],"human":[212],"experts,":[213],"other":[215],"commercial":[216],"non-commercial":[218],"systems.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
