{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909290616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2018.8593915","title":"The Future of Legal and Ethical Regulations for Autonomous Robotics","display_name":"The Future of Legal and Ethical Regulations for Autonomous Robotics","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909290616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2018.8593915","mag":"2909290616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2018.8593915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2018.8593915","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066024257","display_name":"Huan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-8759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000357142","display_name":"Joseph E. Borson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-7078"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph E. Borson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard Law School, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard Law School, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066024257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3463,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71822939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2362","last_page":"2366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9246000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.8344227075576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.7162899374961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6694823503494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6251261234283447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.502199649810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4691753685474396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.46386829018592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4299776554107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.2988649308681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.297371506690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2608397305011749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.15719327330589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.13452348113059998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09417152404785156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.8344227075576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.7162899374961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6694823503494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6251261234283447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.502199649810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4691753685474396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.46386829018592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4299776554107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.2988649308681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.297371506690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2608397305011749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15719327330589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13452348113059998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09417152404785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2018.8593915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2018.8593915","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185545667","https://openalex.org/W190224261","https://openalex.org/W1486997465","https://openalex.org/W1547788921","https://openalex.org/W1968540656","https://openalex.org/W2131740028","https://openalex.org/W2152041437","https://openalex.org/W2241687965","https://openalex.org/W2298965987","https://openalex.org/W2518760326","https://openalex.org/W2521348156","https://openalex.org/W2565107986","https://openalex.org/W2566528246","https://openalex.org/W2597726517","https://openalex.org/W2618694529","https://openalex.org/W2759787038","https://openalex.org/W2913076445","https://openalex.org/W3121731050","https://openalex.org/W3123014134","https://openalex.org/W3123507842","https://openalex.org/W3123590693","https://openalex.org/W4249261707","https://openalex.org/W4255688361","https://openalex.org/W6607653466","https://openalex.org/W6629209052","https://openalex.org/W6731357284","https://openalex.org/W6731593073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508899372","https://openalex.org/W2039460805","https://openalex.org/W4250956039","https://openalex.org/W4240485100","https://openalex.org/W2056130799","https://openalex.org/W2045758229","https://openalex.org/W2505675537","https://openalex.org/W405964254","https://openalex.org/W4254970379","https://openalex.org/W3013364794"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u201cAutonomous":[0],"robotics\u201d":[1],"promise":[2],"significant":[3],"improvements":[4],"across":[5],"a":[6,24,54,70,135],"host":[7],"of":[8,53,62,73,88,101,138],"different":[9,60],"complex":[10,75],"systems,":[11,76],"which":[12],"will":[13],"need":[14],"to":[15,21,29,45,59],"be":[16],"managed":[17],"within":[18,123],"regulatory":[19,48,78,93],"frameworks":[20],"promote,":[22],"at":[23,103],"minimum,":[25],"device":[26,102],"safety.":[27],"Contrary":[28],"how":[30],"they":[31],"are":[32],"often":[33],"portrayed,":[34],"however,":[35],"these":[36],"systems":[37,67],"do":[38],"not":[39],"necessarily":[40],"require":[41],"fundamentally":[42],"new":[43],"approaches":[44],"engineering":[46],"or":[47],"challenges,":[49],"i.e.,":[50],"the":[51,81,92,99,124,142],"development":[52],"novel":[55,136],"\u201cautonomy":[56],"framework\u201d":[57],"applicable":[58],"types":[61],"devices.":[63],"Rather,":[64],"because":[65],"autonomous":[66,89],"generally":[68],"represent":[69],"progressive":[71],"improvement":[72],"existing":[74],"preexisting":[77,143],"scheme":[79],"offer":[80],"best":[82],"guidance":[83],"for":[84],"considering":[85],"future":[86,120],"regulation":[87],"elements.":[90],"Moreover,":[91],"landscape":[94],"differs":[95],"considerably":[96],"based":[97],"on":[98,134],"type":[100],"issue":[104],"(e.g.,":[105],"consumer":[106],"electronics":[107],"vis-\u00e1-vis":[108],"medical":[109],"devices).":[110],"This":[111],"paper":[112],"argues":[113],"that":[114],"users":[115],"and":[116],"regulators":[117],"must":[118],"consider":[119],"autonomy":[121],"regulations":[122],"specific":[125],"framework":[126],"those":[127],"devices":[128],"currently":[129],"inhabit,":[130],"rather":[131],"than":[132],"focusing":[133],"set":[137],"rules":[139],"divorced":[140],"from":[141],"context.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}