{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909054292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2018.8593546","title":"Soft LEGO: Bottom-Up Design Platform for Soft Robotics","display_name":"Soft LEGO: Bottom-Up Design Platform for Soft Robotics","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909054292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2018.8593546","mag":"2909054292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2018.8593546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2018.8593546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318692","display_name":"Juneyoung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8073-9304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Young Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102948660","display_name":"J. Eom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-4093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaemin Eom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101781673","display_name":"Woo-Young Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0987-6028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woo-Young Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062631070","display_name":"Kyu\u2010Jin Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2555-5048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyu-Jin Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100318692"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7627,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70622428,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7513","last_page":"7520"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics","display_name":"Soft robotics","score":0.8604117631912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6188953518867493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.534783124923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brick","display_name":"Brick","score":0.5321589708328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.4952165186405182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.4373569190502167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflatable","display_name":"Inflatable","score":0.437033087015152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.43166327476501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.4219174385070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39893367886543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37311530113220215}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151","display_name":"Soft robotics","level":3,"score":0.8604117631912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6188953518867493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.534783124923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154226666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40089","display_name":"Brick","level":2,"score":0.5321589708328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.4952165186405182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4373569190502167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66098623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2162595","display_name":"Inflatable","level":2,"score":0.437033087015152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.43166327476501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4219174385070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39893367886543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37311530113220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2018.8593546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2018.8593546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497969356","https://openalex.org/W1515749184","https://openalex.org/W2124992704","https://openalex.org/W2141905643","https://openalex.org/W2150549828","https://openalex.org/W2159421706","https://openalex.org/W2160096432","https://openalex.org/W2164575107","https://openalex.org/W2166585449","https://openalex.org/W2205969003","https://openalex.org/W2337157527","https://openalex.org/W2414587816","https://openalex.org/W2465949153","https://openalex.org/W2507460368","https://openalex.org/W2513482041","https://openalex.org/W2518849837","https://openalex.org/W2553241245","https://openalex.org/W2560730116","https://openalex.org/W2562256358","https://openalex.org/W2575464634","https://openalex.org/W2580504612","https://openalex.org/W2583170766","https://openalex.org/W2593943213","https://openalex.org/W2618978088","https://openalex.org/W2621250940","https://openalex.org/W2748291579","https://openalex.org/W2752165401","https://openalex.org/W2770246558","https://openalex.org/W2807695615","https://openalex.org/W4244367163","https://openalex.org/W4255466541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136901311","https://openalex.org/W4317435135","https://openalex.org/W2788946470","https://openalex.org/W1554139824","https://openalex.org/W2753822333","https://openalex.org/W2316908893","https://openalex.org/W2911666782","https://openalex.org/W4312473168","https://openalex.org/W4211124276","https://openalex.org/W4312269480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"soft":[3,10,26,42,47,67,74,83,109,132,140,180,196,220,229,236],"LEGO":[4,38,133,181,197,230],"for":[5,16,103,207,238],"bottom-up":[6,200],"design":[7,136,201],"platform":[8],"of":[9,25,37,61,138,156,170,195,217,235],"robotics":[11,68,237],"that":[12,212],"can":[13,90],"be":[14,50,184],"used":[15],"various":[17],"purposes,":[18],"ranging":[19],"from":[20,241],"research":[21],"and":[22,30,55,79,89,100,123,131,209,219,224,244],"fast":[23],"prototyping":[24],"robots":[27,48],"to":[28,65,152,166,174],"toys":[29],"entertainment.":[31],"We":[32,226],"integrated":[33],"the":[34,107,139,146,157,168,171,175,179,193,233,245],"interlocking":[35],"mechanism":[36,216],"into":[39],"a":[40,53,187,199,203,210,214],"modular":[41],"robot.":[43],"With":[44],"this":[45,228],"design,":[46],"could":[49,183,231],"built":[51,223],"by":[52],"simple":[54,204],"play-like":[56],"assembling":[57],"process.":[58,190],"Three":[59],"kinds":[60],"components":[62],"were":[63,142,222],"proposed":[64],"make":[66],"compatible":[69],"with":[70,149,186],"LEGO:":[71],"pneumatically":[72,112],"inflatable":[73],"brick,":[75,78],"flexible":[76],"bending":[77,96,158],"channel":[80,116,121],"brick.":[81],"The":[82,95,114],"brick":[84,97,117,141,159],"has":[85,98,118],"an":[86,119,126],"air":[87,115,120,129],"chamber":[88],"generate":[91],"motions":[92],"when":[93,106],"inflated.":[94],"flexure":[99],"is":[101],"bendable":[102],"generating":[104],"motion":[105],"assembled":[108],"bricks":[110,182],"are":[111],"actuated.":[113],"inside":[122],"works":[124],"as":[125,198],"interface":[127],"between":[128],"hoses":[130],"bricks.":[134],"Detailed":[135],"parameters":[137],"optimized":[143],"based":[144,162],"on":[145,163],"Taguchi":[147],"method":[148],"finite-element":[150],"analysis":[151],"improve":[153],"robustness.":[154],"Design":[155],"was":[160],"selected":[161],"experimental":[164],"results":[165],"enhance":[167],"robustness":[169],"flexure.":[172],"Thanks":[173],"multi-material":[176],"3-dimensional":[177],"printer,":[178],"fabricated":[185],"single":[188],"printing":[189],"To":[191],"see":[192],"feasibility":[194],"platform,":[202],"toy":[205],"robot":[206],"children":[208],"gripper":[211],"had":[213],"hybrid":[215],"hard":[218],"materials":[221],"tested.":[225],"hope":[227],"lower":[232],"hurdle":[234],"children,":[239],"researchers":[240],"other":[242],"fields,":[243],"public":[246],"interest":[247],"in":[248],"robotics.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
