{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2772205445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2017.8206146","title":"Passive knee exoskeleton using torsion spring for cycling assistance","display_name":"Passive knee exoskeleton using torsion spring for cycling assistance","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2772205445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2017.8206146","mag":"2772205445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2017.8206146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2017.8206146","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038463793","display_name":"Ronnapee Chaichaowarat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5002-7568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronnapee Chaichaowarat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089837387","display_name":"Diego P\u00e1ez-Granados","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6143-1432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Felipe Paez Granados","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056244995","display_name":"Jun Kinugawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Kinugawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082419118","display_name":"Kazuhiro Kosuge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2060-2936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuhiro Kosuge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Robotics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.542,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95576342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3069","last_page":"3074"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.835564136505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.555436372756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.5087283253669739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torsion-spring","display_name":"Torsion spring","score":0.5020418167114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-joint","display_name":"Knee Joint","score":0.5017681121826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomechanics","display_name":"Biomechanics","score":0.48085933923721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.4731346666812897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torsion","display_name":"Torsion (gastropod)","score":0.44723302125930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crank","display_name":"Crank","score":0.44711512327194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.4451269507408142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40801113843917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.31858059763908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.2860099673271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26110219955444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.22329089045524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1544916033744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.12893268465995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.09454083442687988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.835564136505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.555436372756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.5087283253669739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57614664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27037480","display_name":"Torsion spring","level":2,"score":0.5020418167114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908736133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37425","display_name":"Knee Joint","level":2,"score":0.5017681121826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.48085933923721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.4731346666812897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77461463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7827201","display_name":"Torsion (gastropod)","level":2,"score":0.44723302125930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198994188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857558","display_name":"Crank","level":3,"score":0.44711512327194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4451269507408142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40801113843917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.31858059763908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2860099673271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26110219955444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22329089045524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1544916033744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.12893268465995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.09454083442687988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2017.8206146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2017.8206146","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1617087148","https://openalex.org/W1970407444","https://openalex.org/W1994214859","https://openalex.org/W2075453948","https://openalex.org/W2094526935","https://openalex.org/W2101068518","https://openalex.org/W2105976874","https://openalex.org/W2108775281","https://openalex.org/W2123913833","https://openalex.org/W2130046836","https://openalex.org/W2141880448","https://openalex.org/W2144629665","https://openalex.org/W2167296432","https://openalex.org/W2168843339","https://openalex.org/W2216024355"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901258812","https://openalex.org/W2887985348","https://openalex.org/W2401700601","https://openalex.org/W2570835373","https://openalex.org/W2557545276","https://openalex.org/W4387054232","https://openalex.org/W3176873818","https://openalex.org/W2069152157","https://openalex.org/W2147404105","https://openalex.org/W4386558479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"introduce":[4],"a":[5,15,19,24,36,103,107],"concept":[6,76],"of":[7,56,133,153,167],"passive":[8],"knee":[9,16,20,29,42,51,57,86,94,134],"exoskeleton":[10],"for":[11,74,84],"cycling":[12,98,104],"assistance.":[13],"Considering":[14],"moment":[17,31],"and":[18,67],"angle":[21],"varying":[22],"with":[23],"pedal":[25,145],"crank":[26,146],"angle,":[27],"the":[28,50,63,75,85,111,117,121,131,139,144,151],"extension":[30,58],"can":[32],"be":[33],"supported":[34],"by":[35,106],"torsion":[37,64,118],"spring":[38,65,119],"storing":[39],"energy":[40],"from":[41,125],"flexion":[43],"in":[44,160],"order":[45],"to":[46,62,88],"release":[47],"it":[48],"as":[49,138],"is":[52,60,141,163],"extended.":[53],"The":[54],"reduction":[55,152],"effort":[59],"corresponding":[61],"stiffness":[66],"activation":[68],"range.":[69],"Exoskeleton":[70],"prototypes":[71],"were":[72],"developed":[73],"validation.":[77],"A":[78],"crossing":[79],"four-bar":[80],"mechanism":[81],"was":[82,100],"chosen":[83],"joint":[87],"provide":[89],"kinematic":[90],"compatibility":[91],"covering":[92],"extreme":[93],"flexion.":[95],"Constant":[96],"power":[97],"experiment":[99],"performed":[101],"on":[102,113],"trainer":[105],"healthy":[108],"subject":[109],"wearing":[110],"exoskeletons":[112],"both":[114],"legs.":[115],"With":[116],"support,":[120],"surface":[122],"electromyography":[123],"recorded":[124],"some":[126],"major":[127],"leg":[128,140,154],"muscles":[129],"shows":[130],"decrease":[132],"extensor":[135],"muscle":[136,155],"activity":[137],"moving":[142],"around":[143],"top":[147],"dead":[148],"center.":[149],"Verifying":[150],"fatigue":[156],"over":[157],"repetitive":[158],"contractions":[159],"multiple":[161],"subjects":[162],"our":[164],"future":[165],"plan":[166],"study.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}