{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2204652229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2015.7353648","title":"A retrofit eye gaze tracker for the da Vinci and its integration in task execution using the da Vinci Research Kit","display_name":"A retrofit eye gaze tracker for the da Vinci and its integration in task execution using the da Vinci Research Kit","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2204652229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2015.7353648","mag":"2204652229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2015.7353648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2015.7353648","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018773758","display_name":"Irene Tong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irene Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067122011","display_name":"Omid Mohareri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161447","display_name":"Intuitive Surgical (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g2n4m79","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161447"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omid Mohareri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","Omid Mohareri is with Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Omid Mohareri is with Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161447"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082222294","display_name":"Samuel Tatasurya","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Tatasurya","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087878741","display_name":"Craig Hennessey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114717","display_name":"dPoint Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/035xgy388","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114717"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Hennessey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Craig Hennessey is with Gazepoint, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Craig Hennessey is with Gazepoint, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028375560","display_name":"Septimiu E. Salcudean","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8826-8025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Septimiu Salcudean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6652,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84769575,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":null,"first_page":"2043","last_page":"2050"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.8753597736358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.716705858707428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6558164358139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6416565775871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6118728518486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5470560193061829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4948264956474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.4942631721496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4765244722366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereoscopy","display_name":"Stereoscopy","score":0.4284828007221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4179005026817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18527957797050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07652714848518372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.8753597736358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.716705858707428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6558164358139038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6416565775871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6118728518486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5470560193061829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4948264956474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.4942631721496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4765244722366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126057942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35158","display_name":"Stereoscopy","level":2,"score":0.4284828007221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4179005026817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18527957797050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07652714848518372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2015.7353648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2015.7353648","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98225306","https://openalex.org/W1482792397","https://openalex.org/W1603863361","https://openalex.org/W1770421022","https://openalex.org/W1967548885","https://openalex.org/W1975401432","https://openalex.org/W2021435529","https://openalex.org/W2027630611","https://openalex.org/W2061417916","https://openalex.org/W2077819131","https://openalex.org/W2082160638","https://openalex.org/W2083304306","https://openalex.org/W2097493241","https://openalex.org/W2109382108","https://openalex.org/W2123843633","https://openalex.org/W2138622418","https://openalex.org/W2154187357","https://openalex.org/W2161356956","https://openalex.org/W2296288245","https://openalex.org/W2341282033","https://openalex.org/W6697489459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W156716224","https://openalex.org/W2111871955","https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W3175380930","https://openalex.org/W4233260495","https://openalex.org/W1989694608","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W2047559669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,148],"integration":[1],"of":[2,8,113,143],"eye-gaze":[3],"tracking":[4],"at":[5],"the":[6,12,21,43,49,56,64,70,84,87,100,103,107,111,114,123,133,136,141],"console":[7],"surgical":[9,104],"robots":[10],"has":[11],"potential":[13],"to":[14,20,42,62,82,98,116],"add":[15],"both":[16],"speed":[17],"and":[18,73,135,154],"functionality":[19],"human-robot":[22],"interface.":[23],"In":[24,47],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,109],"present":[28,69],"a":[29,39,76,94,118,129,158],"novel":[30],"eye":[31,50],"gaze":[32,85,101,125,144],"tracker":[33,51],"that":[34],"can":[35,52],"be":[36,53],"integrated":[37],"as":[38,128],"simple":[40],"retrofit":[41],"da":[44,57,88],"Vinci":[45,58],"console.":[46],"particular,":[48],"used":[54,127],"with":[55,162],"Research":[59],"Kit":[60],"(dVRK)":[61],"control":[63],"patient":[65],"side":[66],"manipulators.":[67],"We":[68],"eye-tracker":[71,115],"design":[72],"calibration.":[74],"First,":[75],"2D":[77],"calibration":[78,97],"is":[79,126,138],"carried":[80],"out":[81],"estimate":[83,99],"on":[86],"Vinci's":[89],"stereoscopic":[90],"display,":[91],"followed":[92],"by":[93],"3D":[95],"\u201chand-eye\u201d":[96],"in":[102,121,157],"scene.":[105],"Using":[106],"dVRK,":[108],"demonstrated":[110],"use":[112],"perform":[117],"gaze-assisted":[119],"task,":[120],"which":[122],"estimated":[124],"set":[130],"point":[131,142],"for":[132],"robot":[134],"user":[137,160],"guided":[139],"towards":[140],"through":[145],"haptic":[146],"feedback.":[147],"task":[149],"performed":[150],"was":[151,155],"peg":[152],"placement":[153],"evaluated":[156],"preliminary":[159],"study":[161],"five":[163],"users.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}