{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024721056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2014.6942809","title":"Approaches to robotic teleoperation in a disaster scenario: From supervised autonomy to direct control","display_name":"Approaches to robotic teleoperation in a disaster scenario: From supervised autonomy to direct control","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024721056","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2014.6942809","mag":"2024721056"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2014.6942809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2014.6942809","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1273790","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044895481","display_name":"Kapil D. Katyal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kapil D. Katyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040998460","display_name":"Christopher Y. Brown","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Y. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082605596","display_name":"Steven A. Hechtman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven A. Hechtman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003330628","display_name":"Matthew P. Para","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew P. Para","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111592529","display_name":"T. G. McGee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy G. McGee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022100726","display_name":"Kevin Wolfe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7598-4290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin C. Wolfe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077758634","display_name":"Ryan J. Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3065-7700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan J. Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057877041","display_name":"Michael D. M. Kutzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-2409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael D.M. Kutzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006027872","display_name":"Edward Tunstel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7023-9170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward W. Tunstel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047503380","display_name":"Michael P. McLoughlin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael P. McLoughlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038658610","display_name":"Matthew S. Johannes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew S. Johannes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Exploratory Development Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9783,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89983817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1874","last_page":"1881"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11687","display_name":"Teleoperation and Haptic Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teleoperation","display_name":"Teleoperation","score":0.9218223094940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6464390754699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.594808042049408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.5305310487747192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5013477802276611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.5008881092071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.48418357968330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4641972780227661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.4571211040019989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4277192950248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.42654621601104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3990146219730377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34846043586730957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161759796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3982902","display_name":"Teleoperation","level":3,"score":0.9218223094940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6464390754699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.594808042049408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.5305310487747192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5013477802276611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.5008881092071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.48418357968330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4641972780227661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.4571211040019989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4277192950248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42654621601104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3990146219730377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34846043586730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2014.6942809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2014.6942809","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1273790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1273790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1273790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1273790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83899478","https://openalex.org/W600400792","https://openalex.org/W1484910856","https://openalex.org/W1529359498","https://openalex.org/W1811082976","https://openalex.org/W1963549352","https://openalex.org/W1964695965","https://openalex.org/W1968126699","https://openalex.org/W1968321756","https://openalex.org/W1969062189","https://openalex.org/W2010269953","https://openalex.org/W2015034312","https://openalex.org/W2029276050","https://openalex.org/W2031042795","https://openalex.org/W2040960058","https://openalex.org/W2042337333","https://openalex.org/W2051277853","https://openalex.org/W2068127265","https://openalex.org/W2068911002","https://openalex.org/W2110795172","https://openalex.org/W2125332938","https://openalex.org/W2126698653","https://openalex.org/W2128378943","https://openalex.org/W2130136794","https://openalex.org/W2141618988","https://openalex.org/W2147168033","https://openalex.org/W2154106972","https://openalex.org/W2167250303","https://openalex.org/W2790220171","https://openalex.org/W2901136733","https://openalex.org/W4205559380","https://openalex.org/W4248549998","https://openalex.org/W6631626507","https://openalex.org/W6638484682","https://openalex.org/W6653150745","https://openalex.org/W6679556683","https://openalex.org/W6748624289","https://openalex.org/W6756486208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1923069992","https://openalex.org/W2048862765","https://openalex.org/W2160982102","https://openalex.org/W4281943815","https://openalex.org/W2094105667","https://openalex.org/W2097347938","https://openalex.org/W2164858976","https://openalex.org/W2970545857","https://openalex.org/W4311378573","https://openalex.org/W2135804356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,171],"ability":[1],"of":[2,47,57,69,108,137,157,173],"robotic":[3,62],"systems":[4],"to":[5,19,66,116,124,153,166],"effectively":[6],"address":[7],"disaster":[8],"scenarios":[9],"that":[10,64,111],"are":[11],"potentially":[12],"dangerous":[13],"for":[14,129],"human":[15],"operators":[16],"is":[17],"continuing":[18],"grow":[20],"as":[21,33],"a":[22,58,70,78,82,90,106,130,135,145,155],"research":[23,29],"and":[24,49,96,119,127,150,181],"development":[25,56],"field.":[26],"This":[27,52,100],"leverages":[28],"from":[30,113],"areas":[31],"such":[32],"bimanual":[34,60,94],"manipulation,":[35],"dexterous":[36,61,169],"grasping,":[37],"bipedal":[38],"locomotion,":[39],"computer":[40,147],"vision,":[41],"sensing,":[42],"object":[43],"segmentation,":[44],"varying":[45],"degrees":[46],"autonomy,":[48],"operator":[50],"control/feedback.":[51],"paper":[53],"describes":[54],"the":[55,67,87,98,121,138,141,174],"semi-autonomous":[59],"system":[63,101,175],"comes":[65],"aid":[68],"mannequin":[71],"simulating":[72],"an":[73,151],"injured":[74],"victim":[75,88],"by":[76],"operating":[77],"fire":[79],"extinguisher,":[80],"affixing":[81],"cervical":[83],"collar,":[84],"cooperatively":[85],"placing":[86],"on":[89],"spineboard":[91],"with":[92,163],"another":[93],"robot,":[95],"relocating":[97],"victim.":[99],"accomplishes":[102],"these":[103],"tasks":[104],"through":[105],"series":[107],"control":[109,122,143,165],"modalities":[110],"range":[112],"supervised":[114],"autonomy":[115],"full":[117],"teleoperation":[118],"allows":[120],"model":[123],"be":[125],"chosen":[126],"optimized":[128],"specific":[131],"subtask.":[132],"We":[133],"present":[134],"description":[136],"hardware":[139],"platform,":[140],"software":[142],"architecture,":[144],"human-in-the-loop":[146],"vision":[148],"algorithm,":[149],"infrastructure":[152],"use":[154],"variety":[156],"user":[158],"input":[159],"devices":[160],"in":[161,178],"combination":[162],"autonomous":[164],"compete":[167],"several":[168],"tasks.":[170],"effectiveness":[172],"was":[176],"demonstrated":[177],"both":[179],"laboratory":[180],"live":[182],"outdoor":[183],"demonstrations.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}