{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066741512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2012.6386258","title":"Classification with probabilistic targets","display_name":"Classification with probabilistic targets","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066741512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2012.6386258","mag":"2066741512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2012.6386258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2012.6386258","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069765669","display_name":"Asher Bender","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4001-2976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asher Bender","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","[Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044131792","display_name":"Stefan B. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9416-5639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan B. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","[Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068908958","display_name":"Oscar Pizarro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6612-2738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127558","display_name":"Australian Centre for Robotic Vision","ror":"https://ror.org/02zv9xv82","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Pizarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","[Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127558","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069765669"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602","https://openalex.org/I4210127558"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8886,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76251076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"1780","last_page":"1786"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7845609188079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.740090012550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7356175184249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6418019533157349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-classification","display_name":"Probabilistic classification","score":0.5530072450637817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5502772331237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.506655752658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5016798973083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.4508693516254425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.3043842315673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.08723711967468262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7845609188079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.740090012550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7356175184249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6418019533157349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189119545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5128022","display_name":"Probabilistic classification","level":4,"score":0.5530072450637817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5502772331237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.506655752658844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5016798973083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.4508693516254425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.3043842315673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.08723711967468262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2012.6386258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2012.6386258","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323141","display_name":"Australian Centre for Field Robotics","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331430","display_name":"New South Wales Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0067dvq63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164706946","https://openalex.org/W1990082322","https://openalex.org/W2066654966","https://openalex.org/W2086985484","https://openalex.org/W2129530697","https://openalex.org/W2133864802","https://openalex.org/W2157826563","https://openalex.org/W2168319451","https://openalex.org/W3014813097","https://openalex.org/W4214823344","https://openalex.org/W6680007464","https://openalex.org/W6683442033","https://openalex.org/W6684585897","https://openalex.org/W6966322406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2177788029","https://openalex.org/W2038224889","https://openalex.org/W2040801326","https://openalex.org/W1957831838","https://openalex.org/W4312017181","https://openalex.org/W1964286703","https://openalex.org/W2169866437","https://openalex.org/W4385147326","https://openalex.org/W2089923511","https://openalex.org/W2526168292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"robotic":[1],"platforms,":[2],"deployed":[3],"for":[4,33],"environmental":[5,169],"monitoring":[6,170],"and":[7,55,84,108],"mapping,":[8],"are":[9,25,29],"able":[10],"to":[11,36,58,115,131,157],"rapidly":[12],"accumulate":[13],"large":[14,32,41],"data":[15,19,42,83,173],"sets.":[16],"Whilst":[17],"the":[18,40,51,71,76,91,96,101,117,127,151,164],"sets":[20,43],"collected":[21,174],"by":[22,47,175],"these":[23],"platforms":[24],"highly":[26],"descriptive,":[27],"they":[28],"often":[30],"too":[31],"human":[34,106],"experts":[35],"analyse":[37],"exhaustively.":[38],"Although":[39],"could":[44],"be":[45,158],"analysed":[46],"humans":[48],"in":[49,167],"principle,":[50],"amount":[52],"of":[53,74,90,99,122,144],"labour":[54,97],"time":[56],"required":[57],"process":[59,141],"them":[60],"is":[61],"not":[62],"cost":[63],"effective.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66],"paper":[67],"we":[68,104,136],"focus":[69],"on":[70,110],"classification":[72],"task":[73],"learning":[75],"relationship":[77],"between":[78],"low":[79],"resolution,":[80],"remotely":[81],"sensed":[82],"categories":[85],"derived":[86],"from":[87],"direct":[88,102],"observations":[89,103,118],"same":[92],"phenomenon.":[93],"To":[94],"reduce":[95],"requirements":[98],"categorising":[100],"forgo":[105],"supervision":[107],"rely":[109],"an":[111,168,176],"unsupervised":[112],"clustering":[113,156],"model":[114],"segregate":[116],"into":[119],"similar":[120],"groups":[121],"data.":[123],"Rather":[124],"than":[125],"using":[126,172],"discrete":[128],"cluster":[129],"labels":[130],"train":[132],"a":[133,138],"conventional":[134],"classifier,":[135],"develop":[137],"new":[139,165],"Gaussian":[140],"classifier":[142],"capable":[143],"accepting":[145],"probabilistic":[146,152],"training":[147],"targets.":[148],"This":[149],"allows":[150],"information":[153],"generated":[154],"during":[155,160],"preserved":[159],"classification.":[161],"We":[162],"demonstrate":[163],"model,":[166],"application,":[171],"autonomous":[177],"underwater":[178],"vehicle.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}