{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097574127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2008.4650671","title":"Recognition of human driving behaviors based on stochastic symbolization of time series signal","display_name":"Recognition of human driving behaviors based on stochastic symbolization of time series signal","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097574127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2008.4650671","mag":"2097574127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2008.4650671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2008.4650671","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019765580","display_name":"Wataru Takano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4846-3552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Takano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechano-Informatics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","Mechano-Inf., Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechano-Informatics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechano-Inf., Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013453062","display_name":"A. Matsushita","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114321285","display_name":"Nissan (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/009e19j97","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114321285","https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110524","display_name":"Nissan (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nks1c62","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]}],"countries":["GB","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Matsushita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nissan Research Center, Nissan Motor Company Limited, Japan","Nissan Research Center, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nissan Research Center, Nissan Motor Company Limited, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114321285","https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nissan Research Center, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075044568","display_name":"Keijiro IWAO","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114321285","display_name":"Nissan (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/009e19j97","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114321285","https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110524","display_name":"Nissan (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nks1c62","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]}],"countries":["GB","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Iwao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nissan Research Center, Nissan Motor Company Limited, Japan","Nissan Research Center, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nissan Research Center, Nissan Motor Company Limited, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114321285","https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nissan Research Center, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040633710","display_name":"Yoshihiko Nakamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-5102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Nakamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechano-Informatics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","Mechano-Informatics, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechano-Informatics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechano-Informatics, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"167","last_page":"172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8912731409072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7254683971405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5983988046646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.548042893409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5462044477462769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5215590000152588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5038778185844421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4976196587085724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4783467948436737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.47607558965682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3912346661090851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38396453857421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11789187788963318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8912731409072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7254683971405029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5983988046646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.548042893409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5462044477462769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5215590000152588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5038778185844421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4976196587085724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4783467948436737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.47607558965682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3912346661090851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38396453857421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11789187788963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2008.4650671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2008.4650671","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526915519","https://openalex.org/W1560013842","https://openalex.org/W1974226380","https://openalex.org/W1982486572","https://openalex.org/W2034600737","https://openalex.org/W2087196505","https://openalex.org/W2097714468","https://openalex.org/W2097815751","https://openalex.org/W2109385289","https://openalex.org/W2111204826","https://openalex.org/W2115877992","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2128774515","https://openalex.org/W2143406978","https://openalex.org/W2145097496","https://openalex.org/W2147664860","https://openalex.org/W2152752348","https://openalex.org/W2233094356","https://openalex.org/W2404820178","https://openalex.org/W2543386152","https://openalex.org/W4242031213","https://openalex.org/W6633431331","https://openalex.org/W6689884946","https://openalex.org/W6713537391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2097963413","https://openalex.org/W2294335174","https://openalex.org/W2025614924","https://openalex.org/W3145575561","https://openalex.org/W2001275470","https://openalex.org/W2073996508","https://openalex.org/W1591475660","https://openalex.org/W2559776840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,101],"describes":[2],"an":[3],"imitative":[4],"learning":[5],"of":[6,22,24,46,68,86,96,148,150,160],"driving":[7,18,48,88,112,125,137,151,178],"time":[8],"series":[9],"data":[10,89,179],"for":[11,41],"intellectual":[12],"cognition":[13],"toward":[14],"future":[15],"automobiles.":[16],"The":[17,50,66,164],"pattern":[19,152],"primitives":[20],"consisting":[21],"states":[23],"the":[25,47,53,60,72,87,94,97,107,110,115,122,131,146,177],"environment,":[26],"vehicle":[27,142],"and":[28,44,118,139,155],"driver":[29],"are":[30,128],"symbolized":[31],"by":[32,58],"hidden":[33],"Markov":[34],"models":[35],"(HMMs),":[36],"which":[37,127],"can":[38,55,75,82],"be":[39,56,76,83],"used":[40],"both":[42],"recognition":[43,154],"generation":[45],"patterns.":[49],"relationship":[51],"among":[52],"HMMs":[54,61,108,120],"represented":[57],"locating":[59],"in":[62,90,114,130],"a":[63,103,136,140,173],"multidimensional":[64],"space.":[65,133],"contribution":[67],"each":[69],"variable":[70],"to":[71,92,171,175],"HMM":[73,132],"space":[74],"analyzed":[77],"such":[78],"that":[79],"important":[80],"variables":[81],"selected":[84],"out":[85],"order":[91],"reduce":[93],"size":[95],"HMMs.":[98],"Moreover,":[99],"this":[100],"presents":[102],"hierarchical":[104,166],"model":[105,167],"with":[106,135],"abstracting":[109,121],"primitive":[111],"patterns":[113,126],"lower":[116],"layer,":[117],"another":[119],"longterm":[123],"contextual":[124],"representation":[129],"Tests":[134],"simulator":[138],"actual":[141],"demonstrate":[143],"not":[144],"only":[145],"validity":[147],"symbolization":[149],"primitives,":[153],"generation,":[156],"but":[157],"also":[158,169],"availability":[159],"key":[161],"feature":[162],"selection.":[163],"extended":[165],"is":[168],"proved":[170],"have":[172],"potential":[174],"predict":[176],"appropriately.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}