{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2172230952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2004.1389570","title":"Aquatic robotic propulsor using ionic polymer-metal composite artificial muscle","display_name":"Aquatic robotic propulsor using ionic polymer-metal composite artificial muscle","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2172230952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2004.1389570","mag":"2172230952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2004.1389570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2004.1389570","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097486150","display_name":"J.W. Paquetre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.W. Paquetre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Active Materials and Processing Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Active Materials and Processing Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100744346","display_name":"Kwang J. Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2134-4964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.J. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Active Materials and Processing Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Active Materials and Processing Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089420470","display_name":"Woosoon Yim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1204-8661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Yim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2093,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91638225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1269","last_page":"1274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propulsor","display_name":"Propulsor","score":0.9893873929977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.8028351068496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propulsion","display_name":"Propulsion","score":0.7961540222167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-muscle","display_name":"Artificial muscle","score":0.7287237644195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrust","display_name":"Thrust","score":0.7196626663208008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomimetics","display_name":"Biomimetics","score":0.6404406428337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.531261146068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4465211033821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionic-bonding","display_name":"Ionic bonding","score":0.4130278527736664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3905666470527649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3823695778846741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.35471856594085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.2457706332206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2380576729774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.2330823838710785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.19335642457008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12989935278892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12819832563400269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151174772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246710","display_name":"Propulsor","level":3,"score":0.9893873929977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.8028351068496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.7961540222167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196628372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801090","display_name":"Artificial muscle","level":3,"score":0.7287237644195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79420006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533668","display_name":"Thrust","level":2,"score":0.7196626663208008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165062768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145644","display_name":"Biomimetics","level":2,"score":0.6404406428337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.531261146068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4465211033821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2182769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62500","display_name":"Ionic bonding","level":3,"score":0.4130278527736664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3905666470527649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3823695778846741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.35471856594085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.2457706332206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2380576729774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2330823838710785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.19335642457008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12989935278892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12819832563400269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iros.2004.1389570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2004.1389570","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W248984960","https://openalex.org/W1481340334","https://openalex.org/W1980063106","https://openalex.org/W1985169696","https://openalex.org/W1994104238","https://openalex.org/W1994236343","https://openalex.org/W1997599957","https://openalex.org/W1998849050","https://openalex.org/W2017110794","https://openalex.org/W2022271377","https://openalex.org/W2024508518","https://openalex.org/W2042548493","https://openalex.org/W2053077798","https://openalex.org/W2059008183","https://openalex.org/W2062625038","https://openalex.org/W2081185883","https://openalex.org/W2082260982","https://openalex.org/W2082297716","https://openalex.org/W2086450708","https://openalex.org/W2101058978","https://openalex.org/W2119182563","https://openalex.org/W2143167829","https://openalex.org/W2158897757","https://openalex.org/W2414073057","https://openalex.org/W2497238066","https://openalex.org/W2501262252","https://openalex.org/W2503944773","https://openalex.org/W2987088827","https://openalex.org/W3003960954","https://openalex.org/W3212292284","https://openalex.org/W6804252141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246688101","https://openalex.org/W122883374","https://openalex.org/W2461407670","https://openalex.org/W4313120402","https://openalex.org/W4313135969","https://openalex.org/W4206786252","https://openalex.org/W751444740","https://openalex.org/W1600361042","https://openalex.org/W2265409623","https://openalex.org/W2114610643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"investigation,":[2],"ionic":[3],"polymer":[4],"metal":[5],"composites":[6],"(IPMC)":[7],"are":[8,63],"considered":[9],"for":[10,44,88,97],"use":[11,100],"as":[12],"a":[13,56],"means":[14],"of":[15,26,78,92,101],"aquatic":[16,103],"propulsion.":[17],"A":[18],"simple":[19],"propulsor":[20,36,58],"is":[21],"constructed":[22],"to":[23,73,84],"show":[24],"capabilities":[25],"using":[27],"an":[28,79],"IPMC":[29,47,62,80,93,102],"actuator.":[30],"The":[31],"thrust":[32,43],"produced":[33],"by":[34],"the":[35,75,95],"was":[37],"recorded":[38],"and":[39,99],"reported":[40],"showing":[41,60],"suitable":[42],"small":[45],"applications.":[46],"were":[48],"then":[49],"compared":[50],"with":[51,66],"competing":[52],"electro-active":[53],"polymers":[54],"in":[55],"theoretical":[57],"study":[59],"that":[61],"quite":[64],"competitive":[65],"similar":[67],"actuator":[68],"materials.":[69],"An":[70],"equivalent":[71],"circuit":[72],"model":[74],"force":[76,86],"behavior":[77,87],"can":[81],"be":[82],"used":[83],"explain":[85],"various":[89],"geometric":[90],"configurations":[91],"leading":[94],"way":[96],"design":[98],"propulsors.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}